Applying bio-slow sand filtration for water treatment

• Autorzy: Liu L. , Fu Y. , Wei Q. , Liu Q. , Wu L. , Huo W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Due to the shortage of water resources in China, the state has implemented a series of rainwater harvesting projects. The safety of water quality cannot be guaranteed due to the lack of an effective construction, running, and management system. Slow filters are low-maintenance systems that do not require special equipment. In order to improve the performance of SSF in terms of the removal of bacteria and solid granules, e.g., the microorganisms attached to the surface of a single grain of the filtering material under a scanning electron microscope (50×) have been studied. Based on the improvements of conventional slow sand filtration (SSF), the bio-slow sand filtration method has effectively mitigated and helps to remove bacteria and other microbiological contaminants, as well as heavy metals, ammonia, nitrogen, organic material, and turbidity of the harvested rainwater. The removal efficiency of bioslow sand filtration was approximately 20-30% on particulate organic carbon, above 95% on ammonianitrogen, and better than 96%, 95%, 95%, 80%, 70%, and 60% on Cu2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Pb2+, respectively. The effluent quality meets the requirements of “standards for drinking water quality” in China. The result indicated the bio-slow sand filtration method could achieve better water quality results as an available water treatment technology.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 28
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.2243-2251,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Liu L.

• State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China

autor

Fu Y.

• State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China

autor

Wei Q.

• River Engineering Management Department of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China

autor

Liu Q.

• River Engineering Management Department of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China

autor

Wu L.

• State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China

autor

Huo W.

• State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China

Bibliografia

• 1. STAUBER, C.E., ORTIZ, G.M., LOOMIS, D.P., SOBSEY, M.D. A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Concrete Biosand Filter and Its Impact on Diarrheal Disease in Bonao, Dominican Republic. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 80, 286, 2009.
• 2. SEEGER E.M., BRAECKEVELT M., REICHE N., MÜLLER J.A., KÄSTNER M. Removal of pathogen indicators from secondary effluent using slowsand filtration: Optimization. Ecological Engineering 95, 635, 2016.
• 3. LEE E., OKI L.R. Slow sand filters effectively reduce Phytophthora after a pathogen switch from Fusarium and a simulated pump failure. Water Research 47, 5121, 2013.
• 4. URFER D. Use of bauxite for enhanced removal of bacteria in slow sand filters. Water science and technology-water supply 17, 1007, 2017.
• 5. VAN DER KOOIJ D., VEENENDAAL H.R., VAN DER MARK E.J., DIGNUM M. Assessment of themicrobial growth potential of slow sand filtrate with the biomass production potential test in comparison with the assimilable organic carbon method. Water Research 125, 270, 2017.
• 6. DE SOUZA F.H., MONDARDO R.I., SENS M.L. Drinking water treatment using upflow slow sand filtration systems in high density Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cyanobacteria water. Desalination and water treatment 79, 1, 2017.
• 7. HAIG S.J., QUINCE C., DAVIES R.L., DOREA C.C., COLLINS G. Replicating the microbial community and water quality performance of fullscale slow sand filters in laboratory-scale filters. Water Res. 61, 141, 2014.
• 8. WAKELIN S., PAGE D., DILLON P., PAVELIC P., ABELL G.C.J., GREGG A.L., BRODIE E., DESANTIS T.Z., GOLDFARB K.C., ANDERSON G. Microbial community structure of a slow sand filter schmutzdecke: a phylogenetic snapshot based on rRNA sequence analysis. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 11, 426, 2011.
• 9. KRISTINA R. PFANNES, KILIAN M.W. LANGENBACH, GIOVANNI PILLONI, TORBEN STÜHRMANN, KATHRIN EURINGER, TILLMANN LUEDERS, THOMAS R. NEU, JOCHEN A. MÜLLER, MATTHIAS KÄSTNER, RAINER U. MECKENSTOCK Selective elimination of bacterial faecal indicators in the Schmutzdecke of slow sand filtration columns. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 99, 10323, 2015.
• 10. D'ALESSIO M.,YONEYAMA B., KIRS M., KISAND V., RAY C. Pharmaceutically active compounds: Their removal during slow sand filtration and their impact on slow sand filtration bacterial removal. Science of the Total Environment, s524-525, 124-135. 2015.
• 11. HWANG H.G., KIM M.S., SHIN S.M., HWANG C.W. Risk assessment of the schmutzdecke of biosand filters:Identification of an opportunistic pathogen in schmutzdecke developed by an unsafe water source. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, 2033, 2014.
• 12. HAIG S.J., SCHIRMER M., D’AMORE R., GIBBS J., DAVIES R.L., COLLINS G., QUINCE C. Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics reveal predation by protozoa drives E. coli removal in slow sand filters. ISME 9, 797, 2015.
• 13. VISSCHER J.T. Slow sand filtration: Design, operation, and maintenance. Journal American Water Works Association 82, 67, 1990.
• 14. WEGELIN M. Roughing gravel filters for suspended solids cremoval. In : Slow Sand Filtration: Recent Developments in Water Treatment Technology, Graham, N.J.D., Ellis Horwood Ltd., England. 1988.
• 15. NKWONTA O.,OCHIENG G. Roughing filter for water pre-treatment technology in developing countries: A review. International Journal of Physical Sciences 4, 455, 2009.
• 16. SEEGER E.M., BRAECKEVELT M., REICHE N., MULLER J.A., KASTNER M. Removal of pathogen indicators from secondary effluent using slow sand filtration: Optimization approaches. Ecological engineering 95, 635, 2016.
• 17. LIU L.S., ZHOU H.D., LIU L.H., WU L.X. Application of bio-slow sand filtration for the Safety of drinking rainwater in the village of northwest China. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering 44, 131, 2013.
• 18. ZHOU X.Z., YANG X.D. Application of bio-slow sand filtration for the Safety of drinking rainwater in yichang of Hubei province. China Rural Water and Hydropower 12, 62, 2007.
• 19. WANG J.Q. Application of bio-slow sand filtration for the Safety of drinking rainwater in three gorges reservoir area of China. China Rural Water and Hydropower 24, 37, 2008.
• 20. CAO H., LIAO Q.Y. Application of bio-slow sand filtration for the Safety of drinking rainwater in northwest area of Hubei province. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science 38, 12111, 2010.
• 21. YE H., ZHOU Y., YANG P. Study on treatment of shallow groundwater by bio-slow sand filtration in the hilly area of central Sichuan province. China Water Resources 19, 18, 2010.
• 22. ZHONG Q.R. Application of bio-slow sand filtratio in tianzhushan forest parks of Fujian province. Fujian Architecture and Construction 12, 97, 2010.
• 23. YANG H., ZHANG G.Z., YANG X.N., WU F.P., LIU J.L. Application of rough and slow filtration techniques to treatment of water in rainwater harvesting pits. China Water and Wastewater 29, 47, 2013.
• 24. LIU L.H., ZHOU H.D., WANG W.H., LI W.Q. Study on bio-slow sand filtration for rural drinking water. Journal of Safety and environment 4, 12, 2004.
• 25. LIU L.S., ZHOU H.D., LIU L.H., WU L.X. Research on denitrification of bio-slow sand filtration. China Rural Water and Hydropower 5, 81, 2013.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15244/pjoes/89544