Effect of environmental conditions on germination and persistence of Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGGERS seeds in a soil bank

• Autorzy: Bochenek A. , Gielwanowska I. , Zuk-Golaszewska K.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ warunków środowiskowych na kiełkowanie i trwałość w glebowym banku nasion Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGGERS

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this study was to explain how temperature, desiccation, light and nitrate affect the seasonal pattern of germination and persistence of dandelion achenes. Directly after collection, Taraxacum officinale Web. ex Wiggers achenes were characterized by non-deep primary dormancy, while dry stored at a low temperature, they showed slight seasonal variations of dormancy level. Both high and low soil temperatures caused dormancy release in dandelion seeds. Dandelion achenes did not form a persistent soil bank. The decline of viable seeds was probably due to long-term sub-zero soil temperatures accompanied by its considerable hydration. Nitrate may be a component of the system of environmental signals which, along with light and desiccation, would enable dandelion seeds to detect even the smallest gaps in dense vegetation. As the dormancy changes are fast, the detection of these gaps by Taraxacum officinale achenes may be especially effective. Such ability of dandelion seeds may explain the remarkable ease with which this species occupies grassland areas densely covered with vegetation.

PL

Przedmiotem pracy było wyjaśnienie, jak temperatura, desykacja, światło i azotany wpływają na sezonowy wzorzec kiełkowania i trwałość niełupek mniszka. Niełupki Taraxacum officinale Web. ex Wiggers bezpośrednio po zbiorze charakteryzowały się bardzo płytkim spoczynkiem pierwotnym a sucho przechowywane w niskiej temperaturze wykazywały niewielkie sezonowe zmiany w poziomie spoczynku. Zarówno wysokie, jak i niskie temperatury gleby powodowały ustępowanie spoczynku nasion mniszka. Niełupki tego gatunku nie wytworzyły trwałego banku glebowego. Przyczyną zamierania nasion były prawdopodobnie długo trwające ujemne temperatury gleby przy jednoczesnym znacznym jej uwodnieniu. Azotany mogłyby być składnikiem systemu sygnałów środowiskowych, który umożliwiałby nasionom mniszka, razem z sygnałem świetlnym i desykacją, detekcję najmniejszych nawet luk w zwartej wegetacji. Odkrywanie luk przez niełupki Taraxacum officinale może być szczególnie skuteczne ze względu na dużą szybkość zmian spoczynku. Takie zdolności nasion mniszka wyjaśniałyby wyjątkową łatwość tego gatunku do zasiedlania gęsto pokrytych roślinnością terenów trawiastych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

buried seed; desiccation; nitrate; red light; Taraxacum officinale; temperature; seed; seed dormancy; dandelion

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 524
• Opis fizyczny: p.463-476,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bochenek A.

• Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M.Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Gielwanowska I.

autor

Zuk-Golaszewska K.

Bibliografia

• Bai Y., Booth D. T., Romo J. T. 1998. Winterfat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.) seedbed ecology: low temperature exoterms and cold hardiness in hydrated seeds as influenced by imbibition temperature. Ann. Bot. 81: 595 - 602.
• Baskin C. C., Baskin J. M., Chester E. W. 2003. Ecological aspects of seed dormancy break and germination in Heteranthera limosa (Pontederiaceae), a summer annual weed in rice fields. Weed Res. 43: 103 - 109.
• Batlla D., Kruk B. C., Benech-Arnold R. L. 2000. Very early detection of canopy presence by seeds through perception of subtle modifications in red: far red signals. Fun. Ecol 14: 195 - 202.
• Benech-Arnold R. L., Sanchez S. A., Forcella F., Kruk B. C., Ghersa C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res. 67: 105 - 122.
• Bochenek A., Giełwanowska I. 2006. Effect of temperature, desiccation, nitrate and light on the seasonal dormancy pattern expression of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. achenes. Adv. Agric. Sci. Probl. Issues 509: 61 - 74.
• Bochenek A., Giełwanowska I., Piotrowicz-Cieślak A.I. 2004. Wpływ czynników środowiskowych na ekspresję sezonowego wzorca kiełkowania nasion Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora (L.) Dostal.). (Effect of temperature, desiccation, nitrate and light on the seasonal dormancy pattern expression of Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora (L.) Dostal. seeds). Acta Botanica Warmiae and Masuriae 4: 146 - 154.
• Bochenek A., Gołaszewski J., Górecki R. J. 2007. The seasonal dormancy pattern and germination of Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora (L.) Dostal seeds in hydrotime model terms. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 76(4): in press.
• Bouwmeester H. J. 1990. The effect of environmental conditions on the seasonal dormancy pattern of weed seeds. PhD thesis. Agricultural University, Wageningen.
• Bouwmeester H. J., Karssen C. M. 1992. The dual role of temperature of the seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia (Berlin) 90: 88 - 94.
• Casal J. J., Sanchez R. A. 1998. Phytochromes and seed germination. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 317 - 329.
• Derkx M. P. M., Karssen C. M. 1994. Are seasonal dormancy patterns in A. thaliana regulated by changes in seed sensitivity to light, nitrate and gibberellin? Annu. Bot. 73: 129 - 136.
• Egley G. H. 1995. Seed germination in soil: dormancy cycles, in: Seed development and germination. Kigel J., Galili G. (Eds), Marcel Dekker. Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong: 529 - 543.
• Fenner M. 1991. The effects of parent environment on seed germinability. Seed Sci. Res. 1: 75 - 84.
• Gusta L. V., Gao J.-P., Benning N. T. 2006. Freezing and desiccation tolerance of imbibed canola seed. Physiol. Plant. 127: 237 - 246.
• Gutterman Y. 1992. Maternal effects of seeds during development. in: Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Fenner M. (Ed.) CAB. International, Wallingford: 27 - 59.
• Hallett B. P., Bewley J. D. 2002. Membranes and seed dormancy: beyond anaesthetic hypothesis. Seed Sci. Res. 12: 69 - 82.
• Hilhorst H. W. M. 1990a. Dose-response analysis of factors involved in germination and secondary dormancy of seeds of Sisymbrium officinale. I. Phytochrome. Plant Physiol. 94: 1090 - 1095.
• Hilhorst H. W. M. 1990b. Dose-response analysis of factors involved in germination and secondary dormancy of seeds of Sisymbrium officinale. II. Nitrate. Plant Physiol. 94: 1096 - 1102.
• Hilhorst H. W. M. 1998. The regulation of secondary dormancy. The membrane hypothesis revisited. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 77 - 90.
• Hilhorst H. W. M., Derkx M. P. M., Karssen C. M. 1996. An integrated model for dormancy cycling: characterization of reversible sensitivity, in: Plant dormancy: physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Lang G. A. (Ed.) CAB International, Wallingford, UK: 341 - 360.
• Hoekstra F. A., Wolkers W. F., Buitink J., Golovina E., Crowe H. J., Crowe L. M. 1997. Membrane stabilization in the dry state. Comp. Bioch. Physiol. 117A: 335 - 341.
• Honek A., Martinkowa Z. 2005. Pre-dispersal predation of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) seed. J. Ecol. 93: 335 - 344.
• Juntilla O., Stushnoff C. 1977. Freezing avoidance by deep supercooling in hydrated lettuce seeds. Nature 269: 325 - 327.
• Karssen C. M. 1982. Seasonal patterns of dormancy of weed seeds, in: The physiology and biochemistry of seed development, dormancy and germination. Khan A. A. (Ed.) Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam: 243 - 270.
• Karssen C. M., Hilhorst H. W. M. 1992. Effect of chemical environment on seed germination. in: Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Fenner M. (Ed.) CAB. International, Wallingford: 327 - 349.
• Keefe P. D., Moore K. G. 1981. Freeze desiccation: A second mechanism for the survival of hydrated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed at subzero temperatures. Annu. Bot. 47: 635 - 645.
• Kruk B. C., Benech-Arnold R. L. 2000. Evaluation of dormancy and germination responses to temperature in Carduus acanthoides and Anagallis arvensis using a screening system, and relationship with field-observed emergence patterns. Seed Sci. Res. 10: 77 - 88.
• Luzuriaga A. L., Escudero A., Perez-Garcia F. 2005. Environmental maternal effects on seed morphology and germination in Sinapis arvensis (Cruciferae). Weed Res. 46: 163 - 174.
• Murdoch A. J., Ellis R. H. 1992. Longevity, viability and dormancy, in: Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Fenner M. (Ed.) CAB. International, Wallingford: 193 - 229.
• Noronha A., Anderson L., Milberg P. 1997. Rate of change in dormancy level and light requirement in weed seeds during stratification. Annu. Bot. 80: 791 - 801.
• Perez-Fernandez M. A., Lamont B. B., Marwick A. L., Lamont W. G. 2000. Germination of seven exotic weeds and seven native species in south-western Australia under steady and fluctuating water supply. Acta Oecol. 21: 323 - 336.
• Pons T. L. 1989. Breaking of seed dormancy by nitrate as gap detection mechanism. Annu. Bot. 63: 139 - 143.
• Pons T. L. 1992. Seed responses to light, in: Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Fenner M. (Ed.) CAB. International, Wallingford: 287 - 284.
• Probert R. J. 1992. The role of temperature in germination ecophysiology. in: Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Fenner M. (Ed.) CAB. International, Wallingford: 285 - 327.
• Roberts E. H. 1972. Dormancy: a factor affecting seed survival in the soil, in: Viability of seeds. Roberts E. H. (Ed.) Chapman and Hall Ltd., London: 321 - 359.
• Roberts H. A., Neilson J. E. 1981. Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in twelve weedy species of Compositae. Annu. App. Biol. 97: 325 - 334.
• Steward-Wade S. M., Neumann S., Collins L. L., Boland G. J. 2002. The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 825 - 853.
• Vleehouwers L. M., Bouwmeester H. J. 2001. A simulation model for seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of weed seeds. Seed Sci. Res. 11: 77 - 92.