What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

Warianty tytułu

PL

Co wpływa na skład gatunkowy grzybów zasiedlających ziarniaki pszenicy?

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Wheat grains are inhabited by different fungi, including plant pathogens and fungi – mycotoxin producers. The composition of seed mycobiota can be influenced by different factors, including agronomic practices, but the results are still contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycobiota of wheat grains depending on agroecological conditions. Wheat grains were obtained from a two-factorial field trial: A – tillage system (A1 – ploughing at a depth of 22–24 cm; A2 – harrowing at a depth of up to 10 cm); B – crop rotation (B1 – continuous wheat; B2 – oilseed rape and wheat; B3 – crop rotation). The mycobiota of grain were determined by mycological and molecular methods. The most abundant and widespread of the mycobiota were Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Alternaria spp., Arthrinium spp., and Fusarium avenaceum. Higher amounts of precipitation increased the infection of grains with Fusarium fungi. Seven species of Fusarium were identified in the grain samples: F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. The soil tillage method and crop rotation did not influence the total incidence of Fusarium spp., but the abundance of a particular species differed depending on agronomic practice. The research suggests that continuous wheat sowing under conditions of reduced soil tillage can increase the level of risk of grain infection with F. graminearum and, consequently, the accumulation of mycotoxins.

PL

Ziarniniaki pszenicy zasiedlane są przez różne grzyby, w tym patogeny roślin oraz gatunki produkujące mykotoksyny. Skład gatunkowy grzybów kolonizujących nasiona może być modyfikowany przez różne czynniki, między innymi zabiegi agrotechniczne. Celem badań była ocena zbiorowiska grzybów występujących na ziarniakach pszenicy w zależności od warunków agroekologicznych. Ziarniaki pochodziły z roślin uprawianych w teście polowym uwzględniającym dwa czynniki : A – system uprawy roli (A1 – orka na głębokości 22–24 cm; A2 – bronowanie na głębokości do 10 cm); B – zmianowanie (B1 – pszenica w monokulturze; B2 – rzepak i pszenica; B3 – różne rośliny). Grzyby zasiedlające ziarniaki pszenicy zostały oznaczone na podstawie metod klasycznych i molekularnych. Do najliczniej i powszechnie występujących gatunków grzybów należały Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Alternaria spp., Arthrinium spp., and Fusarium avenaceum. Zwiększone opady deszczu przyczyniały się do silniejszego zakażania ziarniaków przez Fusarium spp. W badanych próbach zidentyfikowano 7 gatunków tego rodzaju: F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum, F. sporotrichioides i F. tricinctum. Rodzaje zastosowanego systemu uprawy roli oraz zmianowania nie wpłynęły na ogólną liczbę Fusarium spp., ale przyczyniły się do zróżnicowania liczebności poszczególnych gatunków. Wyniki badań sugerują, że przedłużająca się uprawa pszenicy w monokulturze i w warunkach zredukowanej uprawy roli może prowadzić do zwiększenia ryzyka infekcji ziarniaków przez F. graminearum, a w konsekwencji większej akumulacji toksyn w ziarniakach.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agrobotanica
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: 70
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: Article 1726 [8p.], fig.,ref.

Twórcy

Bibliografia

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5586/aa.1726