Mitigating the twin problems of malnutrition and wheat blast by one wheat variety, "BARI Gom 33", in Bangladesh

• Autorzy: Hossain A. , Mottaleb K.A. , Fafhad Md. , Barma N.C.D.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zmniejszenie podwójnego problemu - niedożywienia oraz choroby grzybowej pszenicy poprzez zastosowanie odmiany pszenicy "BARI Gom 33" w Bangladeszu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

For the first time in history outside of Latin America, deadly wheat blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype triticum (MoT) emerged in the 2015–2016 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) season of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, has a population of nearly 160 million, of which 24.3% are classified as poor. Consequently, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency are highly prevalent, particularly among school going children and lactating women. Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), with the technical support of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, has developed and released a new wheat ‘BARI Gom 33’. The new wheat is a zinc-enriched (Zn) biofortified wheat, resistant to the deadly wheat blast disease. ‘BARI Gom 33’ provides 5–8% more yield than the check varieties in Bangladesh. Rapid dissemination of it in Bangladesh, therefore, can not only combat wheat blast but also mitigate the problem of Zn deficiency and ensure income for resource-poor wheat farmers. Importantly, a large portion of the current wheat area in India and Pakistan is vulnerable to wheat blast, due to the similarities of the agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh. As wheat blast is mainly a seed-borne disease, a rapid scaling out of the new wheat in Bangladesh can reduce the probability of MoT intrusion in India and Pakistan, and thereby generate positive externalities to the food security of more than 1 billion people in South Asia. This study explains the development process of ‘BARI Gom 33’; the status of malnutrition in Bangladesh, and the possible economic gain from a rapid scaling out of ‘BARI Gom 33’ in Bangladesh. A few policies are recommended based on the discussions.

PL

W sezonie wegetacyjnym 2015–2016, po raz pierwszy w kraju spoza obszaru Ameryki Łaciń- skiej, w Bangladeszu, stwierdzono pojawienie się bardzo poważnej choroby pszenicy ( Triticum aestivumL.) wywołanej przez pasożyta grzybowego Magnaporthe oryzae patotyp triticum (MoT). Liczba ludności w Bangladeszu, kraju leżącym we wschodniej Azji, wynosi około 160 milionów, z czego 24,3% jest uważana za dotkniętą ubóstwem. Dlatego niedożywienie i deficyty mikropierwiastków w diecie są szeroko rozpowszechnione, zwłaszcza wśród dzieci w wieku szkolnym i kobiet karmiących. Bangladeski Instytut Badawczy Pszenicy i Kukurydzy (Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, BWMRI), przy technicznym wsparciu Międzynarodowego Centrum Ulepszania Kukurydzy i Pszenicy (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT) w Meksyku, wyhodował i udostępnił nową odmianę pszenicy ‘BARI Gom 33’. Ta nowa odmiana jest wzbogacona w cynk (Zn) (na drodze biofortyfikacji) i jednocześnie odporna na zarazę grzybową. Plonowanie ‘BARI Gom 33’ jest o 5–8% wyższe w porównaniu z innymi odmianami pszenicy uprawianymi w Bangladeszu. W związku z tym, szybkie rozpowszechnienie tej odmiany do upraw mogłoby nie tylko ograniczyć zarazę pszenicy, ale również pomóc zniwelować problem deficytu cynku, zapewniając jednocześnie dochód ubogim rolnikom. Duża część upraw pszenicy w Indiach, Pakistanie i Bangladeszu jest podatna na tę chorobę grzybową ze względu na podobieństwo warunków agro-klimatycznych w tych krajach. Ponieważ choroba ta przenosi się głównie poprzez nasiona, szybkie wprowadzenie do upraw nowej odmiany pszenicy w Bangladeszu mogłoby zredukować prawdopodobieństwo przenikania MoT do Indii i Pakistanu, generując pozytywne skutki zewnętrzne w zakresie bezpieczeństwa żywności dla ponad miliarda ludności w Południowej Azji. W niniejszej pracy opisano proces hodowli odmiany ‘BARI Gom 33’, stan niedożywienia w Bangladeszu oraz potencjalne zyski ekonomiczne na skutek szybkiego rozpowszechnienia ‘BARI Gom 33’ w tym kraju. Wskazano również rożne scenariusze związane z wprowadzeniem ‘BARI Gom 33’ do uprawy.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agrobotanica
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 72
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: Article: 1775 [17 p.], fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hossain A.

• Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

autor

Mottaleb K.A.

• International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz Km.45, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico

autor

Fafhad Md.

• Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

autor

Barma N.C.D.

• Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5586/aa.1775