Body mass index, functional fitness and nutritional behaviours of senior women from the Kraków population

• Autorzy: Gacek M. , Wojtowicz A. , Kosiba G. , Majer M. , Gradek J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. Body Mass Index (BMI) is dependent on, among others, diet and level of physical activity. Seniors are more prone to nutritional disorders than other population groups. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between BMI and nutritional behaviours as well as the functional fitness level of senior women. Materials and methods. The research was carried out among a group of 120 women aged 60-84, using the TANITA SC-330ST body composition analyser, the HOLTAIN anthropometer, the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test and the authordesigned nutritional behaviour questionnaire for seniors. Statistical analyses were conducted using the IBM SPSS 21 statistical package, applying the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests with comparisons of z tests at the significance level p<0.05. Results. In terms of the relationship between BMI and functional fitness indices, it was shown that women with normal weight obtained higher results for the lower body (p=0.043) and upper body agility tests than obese women (p<0.001). Females with normal BMI also obtained higher results in the endurance test than the overweight women (p=0.038). In terms of the correlation between BMI and nutritional behaviours, it was demonstrated that women with a healthy body mass more often ate varied, low-volume meals than those overweight (p=0.026). Women with correct weight ate fish, eggs and lean meat more often than obese women (p=0.036). Obese women consumed 3-5 portions of fruit and vegetables less frequently during the day than women with normal body mass (p=0.029) and those overweight (p=0.015). Obese women were less likely to eat sea fish at least 1-2 times a week than overweight females (p=0.040) and those with normal BMI (p<0.001). At the same time, women with a normal BMI indicated a higher degree of performed daily physical activity than the overweight women (p=0.028) and those with obesity (p=0.030). Conclusions. Women with normal BMI presented more rational nutrition habits and higher functional fitness than overweight and obese senior women.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Wskaźnik masy ciała BMI jest uzależniony m.in. od sposobu żywienia i poziomu aktywności fizycznej. Osoby starsze bardziej niż inne grupy populacyjne są narażone na zaburzenia stanu odżywienia. Cel. Celem badań była analiza zależności pomiędzy BMI a zachowaniami żywieniowymi i sprawnością funkcjonalną kobiet w wieku senioralnym. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 120 kobiet w wieku 60-84 lata, z zastosowaniem analizatora składu ciała TANITA SC-330ST, antropometru HOLTAIN, testu Fullertona sprawności funkcjonalnej oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza zachowań żywieniowych dla osób starszych. Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono za pomocą pakietu statystycznego IBM SPSS 21, z zastosowaniem testów ANOVA Kruskala-Wallisa wraz z porównaniami testami z na poziomie istotności p<0,05. Wyniki. W zakresie związków BMI ze wskaźnikami sprawności funkcjonalnej wykazano, że kobiety z normowagą uzyskały wyższe wyniki w próbie gibkości dolnej (p=0.043) i górnej części ciała niż kobiety z otyłością (p<0,001). Kobiety z prawidłowym BMI uzyskały także wyższe wyniki w próbie wytrzymałości niż kobiety z nadwagą (p=0,038). W zakresie związków BMI z zachowaniami żywieniowymi wykazano, że kobiety z prawidłową masą ciała częściej spożywały urozmaicone, mało objętościowe posiłki niż kobiety z nadwagą (p=0,026), częściej także spożywały ryby, jaja i chude mięso niż kobiety z otyłością (p=0,036). Kobiety z otyłością rzadziej spożywały 3-5 porcji warzyw i owoców w ciągu dnia niż kobiety z prawidłową masą ciała (p=0,029) oraz z nadwagą (p=0,015). Rzadziej także spożywały ryby morskie przynajmniej 1-2 razy w tygodniu niż kobiety z nadwagą (p=0,040) i z prawidłowym BMI (p<0,001). Zarazem kobiety z normatywnym wskaźnikiem BMI w wyższym stopniu deklarowały codzienne podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej niż kobiety z nadwagą (p=0,028) i otyłością (p=0,030). Wnioski. Kobiety w wieku senioralnym z prawidłowym wskaźnikiem masy ciała BMI wykazywały bardziej racjonalne zachowania żywieniowe i większą sprawność funkcjonalną niż kobiety z nadwagą i otyłością.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: 74
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.31-40,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Gacek M.

• Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland

autor

Wojtowicz A.

• Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Cracow, Poland

autor

Kosiba G.

• Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education, Institute of Social Sciences, Cracow, Poland

autor

Majer M.

• Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education, Institute of Social Sciences, Cracow, Poland

autor

Gradek J.

• Department of Track-and-Field Sports, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.32394/rpzh.2023.0240