The effect of extreme winter conditions on element fluxes in a small forested watershed in NE Europe

• Autorzy: Kruk M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The effect of contrasting meteorological conditions on hydrology, hydrochemistry and input–output budgets of nutrients and metals was examined in a small (2.8 ha) forested watershed of the Masurian Lakeland (NE Poland). The conditions of a frosty and dry continental winter activated an outflow of underground water originating from deeper water resources. The chemical composition of this outflow differed from watershed waters outflowing during mild winters with respect to SO4-S, Ca and Mg, which had lower concentrations, and NH4-N and K, which exhibited higher concentrations. An exceptionally severe winter affected also element fluxes in the examined watershed during the subsequent growing season. In order to show this impact, a comparison was made between the balances of elements moving through the investigated forest ecosystem during the growing seasons following mild and extremely cold winters. A biogeochemical effect of a frosty winter drought in a small post-glacial forested watershed, observed during vegetation growth (April – October), involved increased mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus: a higher level of DON and DOP retention and a lower level of SRP and NO3-N retention. The increase in mineralization and the “opening” of biogeochemical cycles were also reflected in the loss of metals as K, Na, Ca and Mg.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

winter condition; climate change; extreme condition; winter drought; forested watershed; small forest; Mazurian Lakeland; Poland; forest ecosystem; biogeochemistry

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 60
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.741-754,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kruk M.

• Department of Applied Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10–957 Olsztyn, Poland

Bibliografia

• Aber J., Neilson R.P., McNulty S., Lenihan J.M., Bachelet D., Drapek R.J. 2001 – Forest Processes and Global Environmental Change: Predicting the Effects of Individual and Multiple Stressors – Bioscience, 51: 735–751.
• Beall D.F., Semkin R.G., Jeffries D.S. 2001 – Trends in the Output of First-order Basins at Turkey Lakes Watershed, 1982-96 – Ecosystems, 4: 514–526.
• Bouraoui F., Grizzetti B., Granlund K., Rekolainen S., Bidoglio G. 2004 – Impact of water change on the water cycle and nutrient losses in a Finnish catchment – Climatic Change, 66: 109–126.
• Byczkowski A. 1999 – Hydrologia, tom I, II [Hydrology, vol. I, II] – Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa, 416 pp. I vol. and 356 pp. II vol.
• Cheng C.S., Auld H., Li Q., Li G. 2011 – Possible impacts of climate change on extreme weather events at local scale in south–central Canada – Climatic Change: DOI 10.1007/s10584-011-0252-0
• Chonggang X., Gertner G.Z., Sheller R.M. 2009 – Uncertainties in the response of a forest landscape to global climatic change – Global Change Biology, 15: 116–131.
• Clow D.W., Ingersoll G.P., Mast M.A., Turk J.T., Campbell D.H. 2002 – Comparison of snowpack and winter wet-deposition chemistry in the Rocky Mountains, USA: implications for winter dry deposition – Atmospheric Environ. 36: 2337–2348.
• Dise N.B., Matzner E., Forsius M. 1998 – Evaluation of organic horizon C:N ratio as an indicator of nitrate leaching in conifer forests across Europe – Environ. Poll. 51:453–6.
• Driscoll C.T., Lehtinen M.D., Sullivan T.J. 1993 – Modelling the acid-base chemistry of organic solutes in Adirondack lakes – Water Resources, 30: 297–306.
• Fitzhugh R.D., Driscoll C.T., Groffman P.M., Tierney G.L., Fahey T.J., Hardy J.P. 2001 – Effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon chemistry in a northern hardwood ecosystem – Biogeochemistry, 56: 215–238.
• Fowler H.J., Blenkinsopa S., Tebaldi C. 2007 – Review: linking climate change modelling to impacts studies: recent advances in downscaling techniques for hydrological modeling – Int. J. Climatology, 27: 1547–1578.
• Golterman H.L. 1969 – Methods for Chemical Analysis of Fresh Waters – IBP Handbook no. 8, Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford – Edinburgh, 172 pp.
• Groffman P.M., Driscoll C.T., Fahey T.J., Hardy J.P., Fitzhugh J.T., Tierney G.L. 2001 – Colder soils in a warmer world: A snow manipulation study in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem – Biogeochemistry, 56: 135–150.
• Groffman P.M., Hardy J.P., Nolan S., Fitzhugh R.D., Driscoll C.T., Fahey T.J. 1999 – Snow depth, soil frost and nutrient loss in a hardwood forest – Hydrological Processes, 13: 2275–2286.
• Hardy J.P., Albert M.R., Marsh P. 1999 – Snow Hydrology: The integration of Physical, Chemical and Biological Systems – John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 373 pp.
• Hermanowicz W., Dożańska W., Dojlido J., Koziorowski B. 1999 – Fizyczno-chemiczne badanie wody i ściekow [Physico-chemical analysis of water and wastewater] – Arkady, Warszawa, 555 pp. (in Polish).
• Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Rybak J., Rzepecki M. 2000 – Ecohydrological research of lake–watershed relations in diversified landscape (Masurian Lakeland, Poland) – Ecol. Eng. 16: 91–98.
• Ji-Hyung P., Mitchell M.J., McHale P.J., Christopher S.F., Meyers T.P. 2003 – Impacts of changing climate and atmospheric deposition on N and S drainage losses from a forested watershed of the Adirondack Mountains, New York State – Global Change Biol. 9: 1602–1619.
• Johnson D., Lindberg S.E. 1992 – Atmospheric deposition and forest nutrient cycling – Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin-London-Paris, 707 pp.
• Jonsson A. 1997 – Fe and Al sedimentation and their importance as carriers for P, N and C in large humic lake in northern Sweden – Water, Air Soil Poll. 99: 283–295.
• Katz R.W., Brown B.G. 2004 – Extreme events in a changing climate: Variability is more important than averages – Climatic Change, 21: 289–302.
• Kendall C., Campbell D.H., Burns D.A., Shanley J.B., Silva S.R., Chang C.C.Y. 1995 – Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate (In: Biogeochemistry of Seasonally-Covered Catchments, Eds: H.S. Santeford, J.L. Smith), IAHS Publishers, vol. 228, pp. 339–347.
• Kruk M. 1997 – Element retention and loss by hydrologically modified peatlands in the Masurian Lakeland (north-eastern Poland) I. Peatland with eutrophicated humus lake – Polish Ecol. St. 23: 3–22.
• Kruk M. 1999 – Budgets of elements in a lowland forested watershed. The comparison oftwo watersheds with and without stream – Pol. J. Ecol. 47: 335–351.
• Kruk M. 2000 – Biogeochemical functioning of hydrologically modified peatlands and its effect in eutrophication of freshwaters – Pol. J. Ecol. 48: 103–161.
• Likens G.E., Driscoll C.T., Bruso D.C., Siccama D.G., Johnson C.E., Lovett G.M., Ryan D.F., Fahey T., Reiners W.A 1994 – The biogeochemistry of potassium of Hubbord Brook – Biogeochemistry, 25: 61–125.
• Lydersen E. 1995 – Effects of cold and warm years on the water chemistry at the Birkeness catchment, Norway – Water, Air Soil Poll. 84: 217–232.
• McCabe G.J., Wolock D.M. 2010 – Longterm variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters – Climatic Change, 99: 141–153.
• Meehl G.A., Tebaldi C. 2004 – More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century – Science, 305: 994–997.
• Mitchell M.J., Driscoll C.T., Kahl J.S., Likens G.E., Murdoch P.S., Pardo L.H. 1996 – Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the north-eastern United States’ – Environ. Sc. Techn. 30: 2609–2611.
• Mojski J.E. 1995 – Pleistocene glacial events in Poland (In: Glacial deposits in North-East Europe, Eds: J.S. Kozarski, P.J. Gibbard) – A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield, pp. 225–230.
• Murdoch P.S., Baron J.S., Miller T.N. 2000 – Potential effect of Climate Change on Surface-Water Quality in North America – J. Am. Water Res. Association, 36: 347–366.
• Nowakowski C., Smolenski A., Soszka H. 1996 – Wody podziemne i ich udział w zasilaniu i transporcie materii do jeziora [Groundwater and Its Contribution to the Supply and Transport of the Matter to Lakes; in Polish] (In: Funkcjonowanie systemow rzeczno-jeziornych w krajobrazie pojeziernym: rzeka Krutynia (Pojezierze Mazurskie) [Functioning of the River-Lake Systems in the Lakeland Landscape: the Krutynia River (Masurian Lakeland), Eds: A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, R.J. Wisniewski) – Zeszyty Naukowe PAN “Człowiek i Środowisko”, 13: 71–96 (in Polish).
• Orlowsky B., Seneviratne S.I. 2011 – Global changes in extreme events: regional and seasonal dimension – Climatic Change, 110: 669–696.
• Rascher C.M., Driscoll C.T., Peters N.E. 1987 – Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York – Biogeochemistry, 3: 209–224.
• Shuepp M., Schirmer H. 1977 – Climates in Central Europe (In: Climates in Central and Southern Europe, Ed: C.C. Wallen) – World Survey of Climatology 6, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, pp. 3–73.
• Schulze E.D. 1989 – Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest – Science, 244: 776–783.
• Soczyńska U. 1997 – Hydrologia Dynamiczna [Dynamic Hydrology] – PWN, Warszawa, 410 pp. (in Polish).
• Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater 1992 – APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, DC.
• Stottlemeyer R. 2001 – Processes regulating watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado – J. Hydrol. 245: 177–195.
• Stottlemeyer R., Toczydlowski D. 1999 – Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan – Hydrological Processes, 13: 2215–2231.
• Stottlemeyer R., Troendle C.A. 1999 – Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO – Hydrological Processes, 13: 2287–2299.
• Tebaldi C., Hayhoe K., Arblaster J.M., Meehl G.A. 2006 – Going to the extremes - an intercomparison of model-simulated historical and future changes in extreme events – Climatic Change, 79: 185–211.
• Triska F.J., Duff J.H., Avanzino R.J. 1993 – The role of water exchange between a stream channel and its hyporheic zone in nitrogen cycling at the terrestrial-aquatic interface Hydrobiologia, 251: 167–184.
• Walker T.W., Syers J.K. 1976 – The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis – Geoderma, 15: 1–19.
• Watson R.T., Z inyowera M.C, Moss R.H. 1998 – The regional impacts of climate change: An assessment of vulnerability – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 517 pp.
• Woś A. 1999 – Klimat Polski [The Climate of Poland] – PWN, Warszawa, 301 pp. (in Polish).