Apple skin colour changes during harvest as an indicator of maturity

• Autorzy: Lysiak G. , Kurlus R. , Zydlik Z. , Walkowiak-Tomczak D.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zmiana barwy zasadniczej skórki w okresie zbioru jako wskaźnik dojrzałości zbiorczej jabłek

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The CIELab colour system is used to evaluate food colours. Its advantage is that the base skin colour of bicoloured apples can be measured on the same fruit before and on the optimum harvest date. Additionally, it makes it possible to take many measurements within a short time. The changes of skin colour (yellowing) are caused by chlorophyll degradation. During fruit development and maturation chlorophyll breakdown is observed, which results in decreasing intensity of green coloration. The aim of the fiveyear study was to evaluate a fast and non-destructive method of determining the optimum harvest date of apples intended for long storage based on changes observed in the base skin colour. Apples of ‘Ligol’ and ‘Jonagored’ cultivars were collected every 4–5 days starting some weeks before the estimated OHD. On the last four or five sampling dates in all years of the study, apples were collected for cold storage. The storability of apples was evaluated after the same number of days of storage respectively to their harvest date. Storage efficiency was evaluated based on judgment that involved sensoric tests and checking of the incidence of diseases and disorders in apples, as well as on measurement of fruit mass loss and internal qualities (firmness, TSS, TA). From among the evaluated colour indicators L*, a*, b*, Hueab angle and chroma, changes in the base colour were best illustrated by the a* coordinate value and the Hueab angle value. Based on the evaluation of the quality of apples after storage, it can be stated that the apples had the best quality when the a* coordinate during harvest ranged between -13.5 and -15.5 for ‘Ligol’ and between -4.9 and -5.7 for ‘Jonagored’. The Hueab angle assumed a value between 107 and 109 for ‘Ligol’ and between 98 and 99 for ‘Jonagored’ during the optimum harvest date. Therefore, the a* coordinate and the Hueab angle can be used as indicators of harvest maturity.

PL

System barw CIELab jest stosowany do oceny żywności. Jego zaletą przy pomiarze barwy skórki jabłek dwubarwnych jest możliwość pomiaru barwy tego samego owocu przed okresem dojrzałości zbiorczej i w czasie tego okresu. Celem pięcioletnich badań była ocena szybkiej i niedestrukcyjnej metody wyznaczania dojrzałości zbiorczej jabłek przeznaczonych do długotrwałego przechowywania na podstawie obserwacji zmian barwy zasadniczej skórki. Owoce odmian jabłoni ‘Ligol’ i ‘Jonagored’ zbierano co 4–5 dni, zaczynając kilka tygodni przed orientacyjna datą zbioru. W okresie ostatnich czterech z pięciu pomiarów zbierano także owoce przeznaczone do przechowywania w chłodni. Ocenę zdolności przechowalniczej przeprowadzono po tym samym czasie przechowywana, w zależności od daty zbioru. Oceniano smak owoców, występowanie chorób fizjologicznych i grzybowych, a także mierzono parametry jakości wewnętrznej (jędrność, zawartość ekstraktów, kwasowość) oraz straty spowodowane transpiracją. Spośród analizowanych parametrów barwy (L*, a*, b*, Hueab i chroma) zmiany barwy zasadniczej najlepiej odzwierciedlała wartość koordynaty a* oraz wartość kąta Hueab. Na podstawie oceny jakości owoców po przechowywaniu stwierdzono, Īe jabáka mają największą zdolność przechowalniczą, jeśli koordynata a* w czasie zbioru zawarta jest w zakresie pomiędzy - 13,5 a -15,5 dla odmiany ‘Ligol’ oraz pomiędzy -4,9 a -5,7 dla odmiany ‘Jonagored’. Wartość kąta Hueab powinna wynieść pomiędzy 107 a 109 dla odmiany ‘Ligol’ oraz pomiędzy 98 a 99 dla odmiany ‘Jonagored’. Uznano, że koordynata a* i wartość kąta Hueab mogą był stosowane jako wskaźniki wyznaczania dojrzałości zbiorczej.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fruit skin; apple skin; skin colour; colour change; harvest; maturity; harvest date; physiological disorder; storage disease

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.71-83,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Lysiak G.

• Department of Pomology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Kurlus R.

• Department of Pomology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Zydlik Z.

• Department of Pomology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Walkowiak-Tomczak D.

• Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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