Barclay, R. M. R. 1994. Constraints on reproduction by flying vertebrates: energy and calcium. American Naturalist, 144: 1021-1031.
Courts, S. E. 1997. Insectivory in captive Livingstone's and Rodrigues fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii and P. rodricensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): a behavioural adaptation for obtaining protein. Journal of Zoology (London), 242: 404-410.
Courts, S. E. 1998. Dietary strategies of Old World fruit bats (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae): how do they obtain sufficient protein? Mammal Review, 28: 185-194.
Dumont, E. R., G. D. Weiblen, and J. R. Winkelmann. 2004. Preferences of fig wasps and fruit bats for figs of functionally dioecious Ficus pungens. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20: 233-238.
Funakoshi, K., H. Watanabe, and T. Kunisaki. 1993. Feeding ecology of the northern Ryukyu fruitbat, Pteropus dasymallus dasymallus, in a warmtemperate region. Journal of Zoology (London), 230: 221-230.
Gardiner, A. L. 1977. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II. Feeding habits. Special Publications of The Museum, Texas Tech University, 13: 293-350.
Herbst, L. H. 1986. The role of nitrogen from fruit pulp in the nutrition of the frugivorous bat Caroliaperspicillata. Biotropica, 18: 39-44.
Herrera M., L. G., K. A. Hobson, L. Mirón M., N. Ramírez P., G. Méndez C., and V. Sánchez-Cordero. 2001. Sources of protein in two species of phytophagous bats in a seasonal dry forest: evidence from stable-isotope analysis. Journal of Mammalogy, 82: 352-361.
Kwiecinski, G. G, and T. A. Griffiths. 1999. Rousettus egyptiacus. Mammalian Species, 611: 1-9.
Marshall, A. G. 1983. Bats, flowers and fruit: evolutionary relationships on the Old World. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 20: 115-135.
Nelson, S. L., D. V. Masters, S. L. Humphrey, and T. H. Kunz. 2005. Fruit choice and calcium block use by Tongan fruit bats in American Samoa. Journal of Mammalogy, 86: 1205-1209.
O'Brien, T. G., M. F. Kinnaird, E. S. Dierenfeld, N. L. Conklin-Brittain, R. W. Wrangham, and S. C. Silver. 1998. What's so special about figs? Nature, 392: 668.
Parry-Jones, K., and M. L. Augee. 1991. Food selection by grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) occupying a summer colony site near Gosford, New South Wales. Wildlife Research, 18: 11-24.
Parry-Jones, K., and M. L. Augee. 1992. Insects in flying-fox diets. Bat Research News, 33: 9-11.
Scholtz, C. H., and E. Holm. 1985. Insects of southern Africa. Butterworth, Durban, 502 pp.
Speakman, J. R. 2001. The evolution of flight and echolocation in bats: another leap in the dark. Mammal Review, 31: 111-130.
Studier, E., and H. Sevick.. 1992. Live mass, water content, nitrogen and mineral levels in some insects from south-central lower Michigan. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 103A: 579-595.
Taylor, P. J. 2000. Bats of southern Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, 206 pp.
Thomas, D. W. 1984a. Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats. Physiological Zoology, 57: 457-467.
Thomas, D. W. 1984b. Moth scales in feces of fruit bats: evidence of insectivory or fruit contamination? Journal of Mammalogy, 65: 484-485.
Willig, M. R., G. R. Camilo, and S. J. Noble. 1993. Dietary overlap in frugivorous and insectivorous bats from edaphic cerrado habitats of Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy, 74: 117-128.