Bat diversity in the Simandou Mountain Range of Guinea, with the description of a new white-winged vespertilionid

• Autorzy: Decher J. , Hoffmann A. , Schaer J. , Norris R.W. , Kadjo B. , Astrin J. , Monadjem A. , Hutterer R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Tropical West Africa has a high diversity of bats, which are relatively poorly studied. In this baseline biodiversity assessment of bats in the Simandou Mountain Range of southeastern Guinea (Guinea Forestiére), 312 individual bats belonging to 26 species were captured, four of which represent new species records for the country. Combined with the results of a previous survey, 35 bat species have been recorded at Simandou to date, including a new species (Neoromicia sp. nov.), which we describe here, and an additional species potentially new to science. A neotype for Neoromicia tenuipinnis is designated. We present an annotated checklist of the bats at Simandou and neighbouring sites, including some pertinent field notes on their habitat requirements and conservation status. Furthermore, we discuss the estimated maximum species richness and show that Simandou supports one of the most diverse bat communities in tropical Africa. Finally, we outline conservation concerns with respect to bats in the face of the iron ore extraction activities at Simandou.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 17
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.255-282,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Decher J.

• Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany

autor

Hoffmann A.

• Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany

autor

Schaer J.

• Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
• Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany

autor

Norris R.W.

• Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 4240 Campus Dr., Lima, OH 45804, USA

autor

Kadjo B.

• Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire

autor

Astrin J.

• Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany

autor

Monadjem A.

• All Out Africa Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland
• Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa

autor

Hutterer R.

• Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany

Bibliografia

• 1. ACR. 2015. African Chiroptera Report 2015. African Bats, African Chiroptera Project, Pretoria, i–xix + 7001 pp. Google Scholar
• 2. V. Aellen 1952. Contribution a l'étude des chiroptères du Cameroun. Mémoires de la Société Neuchâteloise Scienti fique Naturelles, 8: 1–121. Google Scholar
• 3. V. Aellen 1956. Speleologica africana. Chiroptères des grottes de Guinée. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, 18A: 884–894. Google Scholar
• 4. V. Aellen 1963. La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mont Nimba: XXIX. Chiroptères. Mémoires de l'Institute Française d'Afrique Noire, 66: 629–640. Google Scholar
• 5. J. A. Allen , H. Lang , and J. P. Chapin . 1917. The American Museum Congo expedition collection of bats. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37: 405–563. Google Scholar
• 6. J. J. Astrin , and P. E. Stüben . 2008. Phylogeny in cryptic weevils: molecules, morphology and new genera of western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22: 503–522. Google Scholar
• 7. R. J. Baker , and R. D. Bradley . 2006. Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept. Journal of Mammalogy, 87: 643–662. Google Scholar
• 8. P. J. J. Bates , K. Cameron , M. J. Pearch , and B. Hayes . 2013. A review of the bats (Chiroptera) of the Republic of Congo, including eight species new to the country. Acta Chiropterologica, 15: 313–340. Google Scholar
• 9. W. Bergmans 1977. An annotated inventory of three small collections of Nigerian Microchiroptera (Mammalia, Chiro ptera). Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 42: 279–289. Google Scholar
• 10. W. Böhme , and R. Hutterer . 1978. Kommentierte Liste einer Säugetier-Aufsammlung aus dem Senegal. Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 29: 303–322. Google Scholar
• 11. A. Brosset 1984. Chiroptères d'altitude du Mont Nimba (Guinée). Déscription d'un espèce nouvelle, Hipposideros lamottei. Mammalia, 48: 545–555. Google Scholar
• 12. A. Brosset 2003. Chiroptères d'altitude du Mont Nimba (Guinée). In Le peuplement animal du Mont Nimba (Guinée, Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia) ( M. Lamotte and R. Roy , eds.). Mémoires du Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 190: 687–693. Google Scholar
• 13. D. Brugiere , and R. Kormos . 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18: 847–868. Google Scholar
• 14. M. Coe 1975. Mammalian ecological studies on Mount Nimba, Liberia. Mammalia, 39: 523–587. Google Scholar
• 15. R. K. Colwell 2013. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9. User's guide and application available at: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates. Google Scholar
• 16. F. De Vree 1971. Notes sur une collection de Chiroptères ouest africains, principalement de la Côte d'Ivoire. Revue de Zool ogie et Botanique Africaine, 83: 31–49. Google Scholar
• 17. J. Decher , D. A. Schlitter , and R. Hutterer . 1997. Noteworthy records of small mammals from Ghana with special emphasis on the Accra Plains. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 66: 209–227. Google Scholar
• 18. C. Denys , B. Kadjo , A. D. Missoup , A. Monadjem , and V. Aniskine . 2013. New records of bats (Mammalia: Chiro ptera) and karyotypes from Guinean Mount Nimba (West Africa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 80: 279–290. Google Scholar
• 19. M. Eisentraut 1960. Zwei neue Rhinolophiden aus Guinea. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 39A: 1–7. Google Scholar
• 20. M. Eisentraut 1964. La faune de chiroptères de Fernando-Po. Mammalia, 28: 529–552. Google Scholar
• 21. M. Eisentraut 1973. Die Wirbeltierfauna von Fernando Poo und Westkamerun unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bedeutung der pleistozänen Klimaschwankung für die heutige Faunenverbreitung. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 3: 1–428. Google Scholar
• 22. M. Eisentraut , and H. Knorr . 1957. Les chauves-souris cavernicoles de la Guinée française. Mammalia, 21: 321–340. Google Scholar
• 23. A. C. Entwistle , and P. J. Stephenson . 2000. Small mammals and the conservation agenda. Pp. 119–139, in Priorities for the conservation of mammalian diversity ( A. Entwistle and N. Dunstone , eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 474 pp. Google Scholar
• 24. J. Fahr 1996. Die Chiroptera der Elfenbeinkuste (unter Beruck sichtigung des westafrikanischen Raumes): Taxonomie, Habitatpraferenzen und Lebensgemein schaften. Diploma Thesis, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat, Wurzburg, 204 pp. + 36 maps. Google Scholar
• 25. J. Fahr 2013a. Hipposideros fuliginosus Sooty leaf-nosed bat (Temminck's leaf-nosed bat). Pp. 383–385, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 26. J. Fahr 2013b. Hipposideros jonesi Jones's leaf-nosed bat. Pp. 387–389, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 27. J. Fahr 2013c. Mimetillus moloneyi Moloney's flat-headed bat. Pp. 586–588, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 28. J. Fahr 2013d. Pipistrellus crassulus Broad-headed pipistrelle. Pp. 617–619, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 29. J. Fahr 2013e. Pipistrellus tenuipinnis White-winged pipistrelle (Slender winged pipistrelle). Pp. 655–657, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 30. J. Fahr 2013f. Rhinolophus guineensis Guinean horseshoe bat. Pp. 331–332, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 31. J. Fahr , and N. Ebigbo . 2003. A conservation assessment of the bats of the Simandou Range, Guinea, with the first record of Myotis welwitschii (Gray, 1866) from West Africa. Acta Chiropterologica, 5: 125–141. Google Scholar
• 32. J. Fahr , and N. Ebigbo . 2004. A rapid survey of bats (Chiroptera) in the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Guinea. Pp. 69–77, in A rapid biological assessment of the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea ( J. MCcullough , ed.). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35. Conservation International, Washington, D.C., 248 pp. Google Scholar
• 33. J. Fahr , B. A. Djossa , and H. Vierhaus . 2006. Rapid assessment of bats (Chiroptera) in the Déré, Diécké and Mt. Bero classified forests, Southeastern Guinea; including a review of the distribution of bats in Guinée Forestière. Pp. 168–180, in A rapid biological assessment of three classified forests in southeastern Guinea ( H. E. Wright , J. Mccullough , L. E. Alonso , and M. S. Diallo , eds.). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 40. Conservation International, Washington, D.C., 248 pp. Google Scholar
• 34. J. Fahr , and E. K. V. Kalko . 2011. Biome transitions are centres of diversity: habitat heterogeneity and diversity patterns of West African bat assemblages across spatial scales. Ecography, 34: 177–195. Google Scholar
• 35. M. O. Fedden , and H. L. Macleod . 1986. Bat research in west ern Cameroon. Pp. 175–195, in Conservation of Cameroon montane forest — Report of the ICBP Cameroon Montane Forest Survey November 1983-April 1984 ( S. N. Stuart , ed.). International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, 263 pp. Google Scholar
• 36. J. S. Findley 1993. Bats: a community perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 167 pp. Google Scholar
• 37. S. M. Goodman , P. J. Taylor , F. Ratrimomanarivo , and S. R. Hoover . 2012. The genus Neoromicia (Family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3250: 1–25. Google Scholar
• 38. P. Grubb , T. S. Jones , A. G. Davies , E. Edberg , E. D. Starin , and J. E. Hill . 1998. Mammals of Ghana, Sierra Leone and the Gambia. The Trendrine Press, Cornwall, 265 pp. Google Scholar
• 39. M. Happold 2013a. Epomophorus gambianus Gambian epaulet ted fruit bat. Pp. 242–244, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 40. M. Happold 2013b. Rhinolophus landeri Lander's horseshoe bat. Pp. 340–341, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 41. M. Happold 2013c. Tadarida russata Russet free-tailed bat. Pp. 530–532, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 42. M. Happold , and D. C. D. Happold (eds.). 2013. The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 43. R. Hayman 1954. Notes on some African bats, mainly from the Belgian Congo. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine, 50: 277–295. Google Scholar
• 44. R. W. Hayman , and J. E. Hill . 1971. Part 2, Order Chiroptera. Pp. 1–73, in The mammals of Africa: an identification manual ( J. Meester and H. W. Setzer , eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 432 pp. Google Scholar
• 45. P. D. Hebert , A. Cywinska , S. L. Ball , and J. R. Dewaard . 2003a. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 270B: 313–321. Google Scholar
• 46. P. D. Hebert , S. Ratnasingham , and J. R. Dewaard . 2003b. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 270B (Supplement 1): S96–99. Google Scholar
• 47. J. E. Hill 1982. Records of bats from Mount Nimba, Liberia. Mammalia, 46: 116–120. Google Scholar
• 48. J. E. Hill , and D. L. Harrison . 1987. The baculum in the Ves pertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the description of a new genus and subgenus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 72: 225–305. Google Scholar
• 49. R. Hutterer , F. Dieterlen , and G. Nikolaus . 1992. Small mammals from forest islands of eastern Nigeria and adjacent Cameroon, with systematical and biogeographical notes. Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 43: 393–414. Google Scholar
• 50. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC). 2012. IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainablility — effective January 1, 2012. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group, Washington, D.C., 72 p. Google Scholar
• 51. IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 12 June 2015. Google Scholar
• 52. N. H. G. Jacobsen , P. C. Vijoen , and W. Ferguson . 1986. Radio tracking of problem fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in the Transvaal, with notes on flight and energetics. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 51: 205–208. Google Scholar
• 53. J. Jones , D. S. Jacobs , T. H. Kunz , M. R. Willing , and P. A. Racey . 2009. Carpe noctem: the importance of bats as bioindicators. Endangered Species Research, 8: 93–115. Google Scholar
• 54. T. C. Kearney , M. Volleth , G. Contrafatto , and P. J. Taylor . 2002. Systematic implications of chromosome GTG- band and bacula morphology for Southern African Epte si cus and Pipistrellus and several other species of Vesper tilio ninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Chiro pterologica, 4: 55–76. Google Scholar
• 55. D. Kock , L. Barnett , J. Fahr , and C. Emms . 2002. On a collection of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from The Gambia. Acta Chiropterologica, 4: 77–97. Google Scholar
• 56. O. K. Konstantinov , A. I. Pema , V. V. Labzin , and G. V. Farafonova . 2000. Records of bats from Middle Guinea, with remarks on their natural history. Plecotus et al. , 3: 129–148. Google Scholar
• 57. M. Lamotte , and R. Roy . 1998. La faune et le peuplement animal du Nimba. Pp. 81–132, in Le Mont Nimba. Réserve de Biosphère et Site du Patrimoine Mondial (Guinée et Côte d'Ivoire). Initiation à la géomophologie et à la biogéographie ( M. Lamotte , ed.). UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 732 pp. Google Scholar
• 58. B. Lanza , U. Funaioli , and M. Riccucci . 2015. The bats of So malia and neighbouring areas. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 566 pp. Google Scholar
• 59. A. E. Magurran 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Black - well Publishing, Malden, MA, 264 pp. Google Scholar
• 60. J. Mccullough (ed.). 2004. A rapid biological assessment of the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35. Conservation International, Washington, D.C., 248 pp. Google Scholar
• 61. C. M. Miller-Butterworth , W. J. Murphy , S. J. O'Brien , D. S. Jacobs , M. S. Springer , and E. C. Teeling . 2007. A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24: 1553–1553. Google Scholar
• 62. A. Monadjem , and J. Fahr . 2007. Rapid survey of bats of North Lorma, Gola and Grebo National Forests, with notes on shrews and rodents, Pp. 47–64, in A rapid biological assessment of North Lorma, Gola and Grebo National Forests, Liberia. ( P. Hoke , R. Demey , and A. Peal , eds.). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 44. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 112 pp. Google Scholar
• 63. A. Monadjem , P. J. Taylor , F. P. D. Cotterill , and M. C. Schoeman . 2010. Bats of Southern and Central Africa: a bio geographic and taxonomic synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, South Africa, 596 pp. Google Scholar
• 64. A. Monadjem , L. Richards , P. J. Taylor , C. Denys , A. Dower , and S. Stoffberg . 2013a. Diversity of Hipposideridae in the Mount Nimba massif, West Africa, and the taxonomic status of Hipposideros lamottei. Acta Chiropterologica, 15: 341–352. Google Scholar
• 65. A. Monadjem , L. Richards , P. J. Taylor , and S. Stoffberg . 2013b. High diversity of pipistrelloid bats (Vespertilionidae: Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus) in a West African rainforest with the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 191–207. Google Scholar
• 66. N. Nesi , B. Kadjo , X. Pourrut , E. Leroy , C. Pongombo Shongo , C. Cruaud , and A. Hassanin . 2013. Molecular sys tematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66: 126–137. Google Scholar
• 67. G. Ossa , S. Kramer-Schadt , A. J. Peel , A. K. Scharf , and C. C. Voigt . 2012. The movement ecology of the strawcolored fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, in Sub-Saharan Africa assessed by stable isotope ratios. PLoS ONE, 7: e45729. Google Scholar
• 68. W. Peters 1872. Über neue Flederthiere (Phyllorhina micropus, Harpyiocephalus Huttonii, Murina grisea, Vespe rugo mi cropus, Vesperus (Marsipolaemus) albigularis, Vesperus pro pinquus, tenuipinnis). Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1872: 256–264. Google Scholar
• 69. D. Posada , and K. A. Crandall . 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14: 817–818. Google Scholar
• 70. M. Riccucci , and B. Lanza . 2008. Neoromicia Roberts, 1926 (Mammalia Vespertilionidae): correction of gender and etymology. Hystrix, Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 19: 175–177. Google Scholar
• 71. R. Ridgeway 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., Published by the Author. Google Scholar
• 72. S.A. Rio Tintosimfer 2010. Social and environmental base line study. Simandou Project — mine component. Final report. Volume D — Biodiversity baseline. SNC La valin Inc., Environmment Division (SLE), Montreal, 654 pp. Google Scholar
• 73. RIO TINTO. 2013a. Applying the policy of a net positive impact on biodiversity. Designing and operating a mine in chimpanzee habitat and land use planning in Guinea. Leading Practice Rehabilitation, 13. [www link removed by Rio Tinto; copy on request from authors]. Google Scholar
• 74. RIO TINTO. 2013b. Simandou Social and Environmental Impact Assessments (SEIA). Volume I - Simandou Mine. Chapter 12: Biodiversity. Rio Tinto SIMFER SA, Conakry, Guinea. Avail able at http://www.riotinto.com/guinea/seia-13651.aspx. Google Scholar
• 75. C. B. Robbins 1978. Taxonomic identification and history of Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber) (Chiroptera: Vespertilio nidae). Journal of Mammalogy, 59: 212–213. Google Scholar
• 76. C. B. Robbins , F. De Vree , and V. Van Cakenberghe . 1985. A systematic revision of the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Zoologische Wetenschappen, 246: 51–84. Google Scholar
• 77. J. Roche 1971. Recherches mammalogiques en Guinee Forestiére. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3, 16: 737–781. Google Scholar
• 78. F. Ronquist , and J. P. Huelsenbeck . 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19: 1572–1574. Google Scholar
• 79. D. R. Rosevear 1965. The bats of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Google Scholar
• 80. N. Sapir , N. Horvitz , D. K. N. Dechmann , J. Fahr , and M. Wikelski . 2014. Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 281B: 20140018. Google Scholar
• 81. J. Schaer , S. L. Perkins , J. Decher , F. H. Leendertz , J. Fahr , N. Weber , and K. Matuschewski . 2013. High diversity of West African bat malaria, parasites and a tight link with rodent Plasmodium taxa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 110: 17415–17419. Google Scholar
• 82. D. A. Schlitter , L. W. Robbins , and S. A. Bucanan . 1982. Bats of the Central African Republic (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Annals of Carnegie Mususeum, 51: 133–155. Google Scholar
• 83. D. F. Schmidt , C. A. Ludwig , and M. D. Carleton . 2008. The Smithsonian Institution African Mammal Project (1961–1972): an annotated gazetteer of collecting localities and summary of its taxonomic and geographic scope. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 628: viii + 320. Google Scholar
• 84. R. S. Sikes , W. L. Gannon , and THE ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS. 2011. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy, 92: 235–253. Google Scholar
• 85. N. B. Simmons 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529, in Mammal species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition ( D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder , eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2142 pp. Google Scholar
• 86. D. W. Thomas 1983. The annual migrations of three species of West African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61: 2266–2272. Google Scholar
• 87. D. W. Thomas , and M. B. Fenton . 1978. Notes on the dry season roosting and foraging behaviour of Epomophorous gam bianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 186: 403–406. Google Scholar
• 88. O. Thomas 1889. Description of a new bat from the Gambia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6(3): 362–364. Google Scholar
• 89. E. Thorn , and J. Kerbis Peterhans . 2009. Small mammals of Uganda. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 55: 1–126. Google Scholar
• 90. E. Thorn , D. Kock , and J. Cuisin . 2007. Status of the African bats Vesperugo grandidieri Dobson 1876 and Vesperugo flavescens Seabra 1900 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new subgenus. Mammalia, 71: 70–79. Google Scholar
• 91. H. Turni , and D. Kock . 2008. Type specimens of bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in the collections of the Museum fur Natur kunde, Berlin. Zootaxa, 1869: 1–82. Google Scholar
• 92. P. Vallo , A. Guillen-Servent , P. Benda , D. B. Pires , and P. Kpubek . 2008. Variation of mitochondrial DNA in the Hipposideros caffer complex (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) and its taxonomic implications. Acta Chiropterologica, 10: 193–206. Google Scholar
• 93. P. Vallo , P. Benda , N. Martínková , P. Kanuch , E. K. V. Kalko , J. Červeny , and P. Koubek . 2011. Morphologically uniform bats Hipposideros aff. ruber (Hipposideridae) exhibit high mitochondrial genetic diversity in southeastern Senegal. Acta Chiropterologica, 13: 79–88. Google Scholar
• 94. V. Van Cakenberghe , and M. Happold . 2013a. Pipistrellus nanulus Tiny Pipistrelle (Temminck's Leaf-nosed Bat). Pp. 638–639, in The mammals of Africa, Volume IV: hedgehogs, shrews and bats ( M. Happold and D. C. D. Happold , eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp. Google Scholar
• 95. J. Verschuren 1976. Les cheiroptères du Mont Nimba (Liberia). Mammalia, 40: 615–632. Google Scholar
• 96. J. Vielliard 1974. Les Chiroptères du Tchad. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 81: 975–991. Google Scholar
• 97. N. Weber , and J. Fahr . 2007a. A rapid survey of small mammals from the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Region, Ghana. Pp. 90–98, in A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Ghana ( J. Mccullough , L. E. Alonso , P. Naskrecki , H. E. Wright , and Y. Osei-Owusu , eds.). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 47. Conservation International, Washington, D.C., 194 pp. Google Scholar
• 98. N. Weber , and J. Fahr . 2007b. Survey of endemic and globally threatened bat species in the Fouta Djallon highlands for conservation priorities in Guinea. Guinée Ecologie, Conservation International, BIOTA: 1–38. Google Scholar
• 99. D. E. Wilson , F. R. Cole , J. D. Nichols , R. Rudran , and M. S. Foster 1996. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity. Standard methods for mammals. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., xxvii + 409 pp. Google Scholar
• 100. R. J. Wolton , P. A. Arak , H. C. J. Godfray , and R. P. Wilson . 1982. Ecological and behavioral studies of the Megachiroptera at Mount Nimba, Liberia, with notes on Microchiroptera. Mammalia, 46: 419–448. Google Scholar
• 101. S. Ziegler , G. Nikolaus , and R. Hutterer . 2002. High mammalian diversity in the newly established Parc National du Haute Niger, Republic of Guinea. Oryx, 36: 73–80. Google Scholar

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.2.003