EN
Ponera testacea EMERY was reported for the first time from Poland based on the museum specimens collected on the Małopolska and Lubelska Uplands. This finding was possible due to an investigation of all Polish Ponera LATR. specimens kept in the collection of the Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS in Warsaw, which originally were identified as P. coarctata LATR. These museum specimens constitute the materials showing the evidence of most published reports on Ponera ants in Poland. All available data on the occurrence of P. testacea and P. coarctata in Poland are given, and discussed in the context of the slightly different habitat requirements of these two sympatric sibling species. A new simple morphometric method of discriminating them is proposed.