Decentralizacja władzy w państwie a rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy

• Autorzy: Grochowski M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The decentralization of the state authority and the socio-economic development

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The territorial organization of a country constitutes one of the factors influencing the shape of conditions for the socio-economic development. The administrative breakdown and the legal status of the territorial units, as well as formal relations between these units, have an impact on the magnitude and purpose of the financial means stimulating the developmental processes. In the circumstances of Polish reforms which are meant, in particular, to lead to the decentralization of the state and to formation of the efficient economic mechanisms, the issues of regional and local development gain a new dimension. Relations between the central government and the local authorities are usually presented in the context of the centralization - decentralization dichotomy. Centralization means the concentration of competence and power in the center, entailing the domination of the central government over the other levels of authority. Decentralization is, on the other hand, the result of transmission of power from the central level to the lower ones. The following three basic dimensions of decentralization can be distinguished: the scope of functions fulfilled at the local level; the degree of autonomy in execution of these functions; and the degree to which the local authorities are financed from their own resources, and not from the centrally disbursed subsidics. Introduction of the territorial self-government at the level of communes (municipalities) in Poland was not accompanied by the precise definition of tasks, the manner of their financing and the perspeetive for the self-governmental reforms. In spite of this the first experiences with the self-governing communes were definitely positive. The introduction of the subsequent level of territorial self-government, namely of the counties („poviats”), will bring the necessity of decentralizing the budgetary system. It will also allow for the establishment of a partner capable of conducting the policy of activation of communes. The establishment of poviats should be followed by formation of the new, self-governmental, provinces (voivodships), and creation of the agents capable of formation and implementation of regional policies. In the present systemic situation of the communes and given the existing model of territorial organization these units encounter a number of problems in the execution of the functions of the initiator, organizer and coordinator of the activities undertaken within one or several neighbouring communes. One of the reasons for this situation is lack of clear legal regulations that would make it easier for the communes to initiate or implement the undertakings of economic nature. The fundamental issue is the lack of clear rules concerning local finance - primarily the sources of income, and of the rules governing financial flows between various levels of administration. Generally, in the opinion of the communes, the means which are disbursed from the central budget for the implementation of the tasks belonging to communes are insufficient, and the respective costs are underestimated. Further decentralization and the establishment of the supra-local entities in the fom of counties is especially important from the point of view of the socio-economic development. Thereby, the spatial framework will be created for the elaboration and implementation of the consistent programs of the socio-economic development of the areas encompassing a couple or a dozen communes. It will thus become possible to shape the spatial order with active participation of all those interested, and this should ultimately lead to a better satisfaction of the needs of local and region al communities.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Prace i Studia Geograficzne
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: 23
• Opis fizyczny: s.7-24

Twórcy

autor

Grochowski M.

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