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2013 | 22 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Higher levels of radon affect women's fertility in Iraqi Kurdistan

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The effect of indoor radon on the fertility of women was studied for the first time in Kurdistan. The Lowest radon was 99.94 Bq·m-3, 94.883 Bq·m-3 and highest radon concentrations were 360.112 Bq·m-3 and 357.832 Bq·m-3 in kitchens and living rooms in Sulaymania. Lowest radon was 97.886 Bq·m-3 and 95.113 Bq·m-3, and the highest concentrations were 360.112 Bq·m-3 and 357.832 Bq·m-3 in kitchens and living rooms in Erbil, respectively, which were significant (p<0.001). This result is above the normal limits and the action level provided by the international environmental organizations of 148 Bq·m-3. The indoor radon concentration in Iraqi Kurdistan was high in many houses, which affects women’s fertility.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

22

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.1163-1169,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Medical Physics and Radiation Science Research Group, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
autor
  • Medical Physics and Radiation Science Research Group, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

Bibliografia

  • 1. OBED R. I., ADEMOLA A. K., OGUNDARE F. O. Radon measurements by nuclear track detectors in dwelling Oke- Ogun area, South-Western, Nigeria. Radiation Protection Dosimetry pp. 1-7, 2011.
  • 2. ALI K. H., SUBBER A. R. H., AHMED R. S. Measurement of radon concentration in soil gas using RAD7 in the environs of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city-Iraq. Pelagia research library. Advances in applied science research, 2, (5), 273, 2011.
  • 3. RAFIQUE M., RAHMAN S. U., MAHMUD T., RAHMAN SAID. M. Assessment of seasonal variation of indoor radon level in dwellings of some districts of Azad, Kashmir, Pakistan. 000;000:1-8 Indoor and Built Environment. Islamabad, Pakistan., 2011.
  • 4. SATHISH L. A., NAGARAJA K. The spatial and volumet­ric variation of the radon in Bangalore city, India, Environmental Assessment Division, 450/085, 2008.
  • 5. AHMAD AL-MOSA T. M. Indoor radon concentration in Kindergartens, play and Elementary schools in Zulfy city (Saudi Arabia). A thesis., 2007.
  • 6. HAMZA V. Z., MARY N. M. Cytogenetic damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radon Mutation Research 661, 1-9 Fundamental and molecular mechanism of mitagenesis. Elsevier, 2009.
  • 7. MANSOUR H. H., PER KHDAR S., ABDULLA H.Y., MUHAMAD N.Q., OTHMAN M.M., QADER S. Measurement of indoor radon levels in Erbil capital by using solid state nuclear track detectors. Radiat. Meas. 40, 544, 2005.
  • 8. KADAM C. J. Measurement of radon concentration in the dwellings of the Later city, India. Research Journal, I, (126) 0976, 2011.
  • 9. SEK J.K., ALAM M. M., KABIR M. I. Measurement of Alpha Emitters Concentration in the Some Soft Drinks. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 2, (1) 35, 2006.
  • 10. ZUNIC Z. S., MILJEVIC N. R., Environmental and Health Impact Assessment of Ammunition Containing Transuranic Elements. Hdb. Env. Chem, D0I:10.1007/698, pp. 209-251, 2009.
  • 11. LEGHROUZ A. A., ABU-SAMREH M. M., SHEHADEH A. K. Seasonal variation on indoor radon-222 levels in dwellings on Ramallah Province and East Jerusalem Suburbs, Palestine. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., pp. 1-6, 2011.
  • 12. RAFIQUE M., RAHMAN S. U., MATIULLAH S. R., SHAHZAD M. I., AHMED N. Assessment of indoor radon doses received by the students in the Azad Kashmir schools, Pakistan. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 142, (2-4), 339, 2010.
  • 13. NARULA A. K., SAINI R. S., GOYAL S.K., CHAUHAN R. P., CHAKARVATI S.K. Indoor radiation levels enhanced by underground radon diffusion. Asian J. Chem. 21, (10), 275, 2009.
  • 14. ROUSSETSKI A. S. CR-39 track detectors in cold fusion experiments: review and perspectives. e-mail rusets@x4u.lebedev.ru., 2004.
  • 15. MUKHTAR A. R. Swelling and structure of radiation induced near-surface damage in CR-39and its chemical etching. Radiat. Meas. 47, 50e56, 2012.
  • 16. MOSTOFIZADEH A., HUANG Y., KARDAN M. R., BABAKHANI A., SUN X. Development of a new approach to simulate a particle track under electrochemi­cal etching in polymeric detectors. Radiat. Meas. 47, 73e 81, 2012.
  • 17. ASUMADU-SAKYI A.B., FLETCHER J.J., OPPON O.C., QUASHIE F.K., WORDSON D.A., ADJEI C.A., AMARTEY E.O., DARKO E.O., AMPONSAH P. Preliminary studies on geological fault location using solid state nuclear track detector. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Science 3, (1), 24, 2011.
  • 18. NSIAH-AKOTO I., FLETCHER J. J., OPPON O. C., ANDAM A.B. Indoor radon levels and the associated effec­tive dose rate determination at Dome in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 3, (2), 124, 2011.
  • 19. FARID S. M. Measurement of concentrations of radon and its daughters in dwellings using CR-39 nuclear track detector. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences 5, (1), 4, 1992.
  • 20. MANSOUR H. H., PER KHDAR S., ABDULLA H.Y., MUHAMAD N.Q., OTHMAN M. M., QADER S. Measurement of indoor radon levels in Erbil capital by using solid state nuclear track detectors. Radiat. Meas. 40, 544, 2005.
  • 21. RAHMAN S. U., MATIULLAH F., NASIR T., ANWAR J. Monitoring of indoor radon levels around an oil refinery using CR-39-based radon detectors. Indoor Built Environ. Pakistan. 21, 452, 2012.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-e05f797f-01b7-4314-8141-5b0589655b1e
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