Oviraptorosaur tail forms and functions

• Autorzy: Persons,IV W.S. , Currie P. J. , Norell M. A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Oviraptorosaur caudal osteology is unique among theropods and is characterized by posteriorly persistent and exceptionally wide transverse processes, anteroposteriorly short centra, and a high degree of flexibility across the pre-pygostyle vertebral series. Three-dimensional digital muscle reconstructions reveal that, while oviraptorosaur tails were reduced in length relative to the tails of other theropods, they were muscularly robust. Despite overall caudal length reduction, the relative size of the M. caudofemoralis in most oviraptorosaurs was comparable with those of other non-avian theropods. The discovery of a second Nomingia specimen with a pygostyle confirms that the fused terminal vertebrae of the type specimen were not an abnormality. New evidence shows that pygostyles were also present in the oviraptorosaurs Citipati and Conchoraptor. Based on the observed osteological morphology and inferred muscle morphology, along with the recognition that many members of the group probably sported broad tail-feather fans, it is postulated that oviraptorosaur tails were uniquely adapted to serve as dynamic intraspecific display structures. Similarities, including a reduced vertebral series and a terminal pygostyle, between the tails of oviraptorosaurs and the tails of theropods widely accepted as basal members of the Avialae, appear to be convergences.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Dinosauria; paleozoology; Theropoda; Oviraptorosauria; oviraptorosaur; pygostyle; caudal musculature; functional morphology

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 59
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.553-567,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Persons,IV W.S.

• Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E9, Canada

autor

Currie P. J.

• Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E9, Canada

autor

Norell M. A.

• American Museum of Natural History, Central Park W and 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA

Bibliografia

• Ali, S. 1941. Studies on the comparative anatomy of the tail in Sauria and Rhynchocephalia. Proceedings: Plant Sciences 13: 171–192.
• Allen, V., Paxton, H., and Hutchinson, J.R. 2009. Variation in center of mass estimates for extant sauropsids and its importance for reconstructing inertial properties of extinct archosaurs. Anatomical Record 292: 1442–1461.
• Anderson, J.F., Hall-Martin A., and Russell, DA. 1985. Long-bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 207: 53–61.
• Arbour, V.M. 2009. Estimating impact forces of tail club strikes by ankylosaurid dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 4: e6738.
• Balanoff, A.M. and Norell, M.A. 2012. Osteology of Khaan mckennai (Oviraptorosauria: Theropoda). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 372: 1–77.
• Barrett, P.M. 2005. The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria). Palaeontology 48: 347–358.
• Barsbold, R. 1977. Kinetism and peculiarity of the jaw apparatus of oviraptors (Theropoda, Saurischia) [in Russian with English summary]. Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Trudy 4: 37–47.
• Barsbold, R. 1981. Toothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia [in Russian]. Trudy, Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko-Mongol’skaâ paleontologičeskaâ èkspediciâ 15: 28–39.
• Barsbold, R. 1983. Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia [in Russian with English summary]. Trudy, Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko- Mongol’skaâ paleontologičeskaâ èkspediciâ 19: 1–117.
• Barsbold, R. 1986. Raubdinosaurier Oviraptoren [in Russian]. In: E.I. Vorobjeva (ed.), Gerpetologičeskie issledovaniâ v Mongol’skoj Narodnoj Respublike, Institut Evolyucionnoy Morfologii i Ekologii životnih, 210–223. A.N. Severcova, Akademiâ nauk SSSR, Moskva.
• Barsbold, R., Currie P.J., Myhrvold, N.P., Osmólska, H., Tsogtbaatar, K., and Watabe, M. 2000a. A pygostyle from a non-avian theropod. Nature 403: 155–156.
• Barsbold, R., Osmólska, H., Watabe, M., Currie, P.J., and Tsogtbaatar, K. 2000b. A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia: The first dinosaur with a pygostyle. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45: 97–106.
• Barsbold, R., Maryańska, T., and Osmólska, H. 1990. Oviraptorosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 249–258. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Blob, R.W. and Biewener, A.A. 1999. In vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of Alligatos mississippiensis and Iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of limb bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 1023–1046.
• Campione, N.E. and Evans, D. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60.
• Carrano, M.T. 2001. Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 254: 41–55.
• Chiappe, L.M., Ji, S.-A., Ji, Q., and Norell, M.A. 1999. Anatomy and systematics of the Confuciusornithidae (Aves) from the Mesozoic of Northeastern China. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 242: 1–89.
• Christiansen, P. and Bonde, N. 2002. Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotion. Journal für Ornithologie 143: 356–371.
• Clark, J.M., Norell, M.A., and Barsbold, R. 2001. Two new oviraptorids (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21: 209–213.
• Cong, LY., Hou, L.H., Wu, X.C., and Hou, J.F. 1998. The Gross Anatomy of Alligator sinensis Fauvel. 388 pp. CIP, Beijing.
• Currie, P.J., Godfrey, S.J., and Nessov, L. 1993. New caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 2255–2272.
• Currie, P.J., Vickers-Rich, P., and Rich, T.H. 1996. Possible oviraptorosaur (Theropoda, Dinosauria) specimens from the Early Cretaceous Otway Group of Dinosaur Cove, Australia. Alcheringa 20: 73–79.
• Currie, P.J. and Russell, D.A. 1988. Osteology and relationships of Chirostenotes pergracilis (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Judith River (Oldman) Formation of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25: 972–986.
• Dollo, L. 1883. Note sur le présence, sur les oiseaux, du “troisième trochanter” des dinosauriens et sur la fonction de celui-ci. Bulletin du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique 2: 13–20.
• Dyke, G.J. and Norell, M.A. 2005. The hind limb proportions of Caudipteryx—flightless bird or feathered dinosaur? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 101–116.
• Elzanowski, A. 1999. A comparison of the jaw skeleton in theropods and birds, with a description of the palate in the Oviraptoridae. In: S.T. Olson (ed.), Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington D.C., 4–7 June 1996. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 89: 311–323.
• Gatesy, S.M. 1990a. Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion. Paleobiology 16: 170–186.
• Gatesy, S.M. 1990b. The evolutionary history of the theropod caudal locomotor module. In: J. Gauthier and L.F. Gall (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Evolution of Birds, 333–346. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Connecticut.
• Gatesy, S.M. 1997. An electromyographic analysis of hindlimb function in Alligator during terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Morphology 234: 197–212.
• Gatesy, S.M. and Dial, K.P. 1996. From frond to fan: Archaeopteryx and the evolution of short-tailed birds. Evolution 50: 2037–2048.
• He,T., Wang, X.-L., and Zhou, Z.-H. 2008. A new genus and species of caudipterid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 46: 178–189.
• Hutchinson, J.R., Bates, K.T., Molnar, J., Allen, V., and Makovicky, P.J. 2011. A computational analysis of limb and body dimensions in Tyrannosaurus rex with implications for locomotion, ontogeny, and growth. PLOS One 6: e26037 [and comments].
• Ji, Q., Currie, P.J., Norell, M.A., and Ji, S.-A. 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393: 753–761.
• Jones, T.D., Farlow, J.O., Ruben, J.A., Henderson, D.M., and Hillenius, W.J. 2000. Cursoriality in bipedal archosaurs. Nature 406: 716–718.
• Kurzanov, S.M. 1987. Avimimidae and the problem of the origin of birds. Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions 31: 1–96.
• Li, Q., Gao, K.-Q. , Meng, Q., Clarke, J.A., Shawkey, M.D., D’Alba, L., Pei, R., Ellison, M., Norell, M.A., and Vinther, J. 2012. A new reconstruction of Microraptor and the evolution of iridescent plumage. Science 335: 1215–1219.
• Longrich, N.R., Currie, P.J., and Dong Z.-M. 2010. A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia. Palaeontology 53: 945–960.
• Lü, J., Dong, Z., Azuma, Y., Barsbold, R., and Timida, Y. 2002. Oviraptorosaurs compared to birds. In: Z. Zhou and F. Zhang (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Beijing, 1–4 June 2000, 175–189. Science Press, Beijing.
• Madsen, J.H., Jr. 1976. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin 109: 1–163.
• Makovicky, P.J., Apesteguía, S., and Agnolín, F.L. 2005. The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America. Nature 437: 1007–1011.
• Mallison, H. 2011. Defense capabilities of Kentrosaurus aethiopicus Hennig, 1915. Palaeontologia Electronica 14(2)10A: 1–25; palaeo-electronica.org/2011_2/255/index.html.
• Maryańska, T., Osmólska, H., and Wolsan, M. 2002. Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 97–116.
• McNeel Robert and Associates 2007. Rhinoceros NURBS modeling for Windows 4.0. Seattle, Washington, USA.
• Mendez, J. and Keys, A. 1960. Density and composition of mammalian muscle. Metabolism 9: 184–188.
• Osborn, H.F. 1924. Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 144: 1–12.
• Osmólska, H., Currie, P.J., and Barsbold, R. 2004. Oviraptorosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition), 7–19. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Packard, G.C., Boardman, T.J., and Birchard, G.F. 2009. Allometric equations for predicting body mass of dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 279: 102–111.
• Paul, G.S. 1997. Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs. In: D.L Wolberg, E. Stump, and G.D. Rosenberg (eds.), Dinofest International: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Arizona State University, 129–154. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
• Paul, G.S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. 464 pp. Simon and Schuster, New York.
• Paul, G.S. 2002. Dinosaurs of the Air. 460 pp. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• Paul, G.S. 2010a. Dinosaur Mass Estimate Table. Available from http://gspauldino.com/data.html [cited 1 December 2010].
• Paul, G.S. 2010b. The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
• Persons, W.S., IV, and Currie, P.J. 2011a. Dinosaur speed demon: the caudal musculature of Carnotaurus sastrei and implications for the evolution of South American abelisaurids. PLOS One 6 (10): e25763.
• Persons, W.S., IV, and Currie, P.J. 2011b. The tail of Tyrannosaurus: reassessing the size and locomotive importance of the M. caudofemoralis in non-avian theropods. The Anatomical Record 294: 119–131.
• Persons, W.S., IV, and Currie, P.J. 2012. Dragon tails: convergent caudal morphology in winged archosaurs. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 86 (6): 1402–1412.
• Romer, A.S. 1923. The pelvic musculature of saurischian dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48: 605–617.
• Romer, A.S. 1927. The pelvic musculature of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Acta Zoologica 8: 225–275.
• Rubin, C.T. and Lanyon, L.E. 1984. Dynamic strain similarity in vertebrates: an alternative to allometric limb bone scaling. Journal of Theoretical Biology 107: 321–327.
• Russell, D.A. 1972. Ostrich dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9: 375–402.
• Senter, P. 2007. A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5: 429–463.
• Snyder, R.C. 1949. Morphological evidence for bipedal locomotion of the lizard Basiliscus basiliscus. Copeia 2: 129–137.
• Snyder, R.C. 1962. Adaptations for bipedal locomotion of lizards. American Zoologist 2: 191–203.
• Turner, A.H., Makovicky, P.J., and Norell, M.A. 2012. A review of Dromaeosauridae systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History 371: 1–206.
• Xu, X. and Zhang, F, 2005. A new maniraptoran dinosaur from China with long feathers on the metatarsus. Naturwissenschaften 92: 173–177.
• Xu, X., Cheng, Y.-N., Wang, X.-L., and Chang, C.-H. 2002a. An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China. Nature 419: 291–293.
• Xu, X., Cheng, Y.-N., Wang, X.-L., and Chang, C.-H. 2003. Pygostyle-like structure from Beipiaosaurus (Theropoda: Therizinosauroidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 77: 294–298.
• Xu, X., Ma, Q.Y., and Hu, D.Y. 2010a. Pre-Archaeopteryx coelurosaurian dinosaurs and their implications for understanding avian origins. Chinese Science Bulletin 55: 1–7.
• Xu, X., Tan, Q., Wang, J., Zhao, X., and Tan, L. 2007. A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China. Nature 447: 844–847.
• Xu, X., You, H., Du, K., and Han, F. 2011. An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae. Nature 475: 465–470.
• Xu, X., Zheng, X., and You, H. 2010b. Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers. Nature 464: 1338–1341.
• Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Kuang, X., Zhang, F., and Du, X. 2002b. Fourwinged dinosaurs from China. Nature 421: 335–340.
• Zanno, L.E., Gillette, D.D., Albright, L.B., and Titus, A.L. 2009. A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in “predatory” dinosaur evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 3505–3511.
• Zhang, F., Zhou, Z., Xu, X., and Wang, X. 2002. A juvenile coelurosaurian theropod from China indicates arboreal habits. Naturwissenschaften 89: 394–398.
• Zhang, F., Zhou, Z., Xu, X., Wang, X., and Sullivan, C. 2008. A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers. Nature 455: 1105–1108.
• Zhou, Z. and Zhang, F. 2002. A long-tailed, seed-eating bird from the Early Cretaceous of China. Nature 418: 405–409.

Identyfikatory

DOI

2012.0093