Osteology of the Late Cretaceous alvarezsauroid Linhenykus monodactylus from China and comments on alvarezsauroid biogeography

• Autorzy: Xu X. , Upchurch P. , Ma Q. , Pittman M. , Choiniere J. , Sullivan C. , Hone D. W. E. , Tan Q. , Tan L. , Xiao D. , Han F.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The alvarezsauroid theropod Linhenykus monodactylus from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China is the first knownmonodactyl non−avian dinosaur, providing important information on the complex patterns of manual evolution seen in alvarezsauroids. Herewe provide a detailed description of the osteology of this taxon. Linhenykus shows a number of fea− tures that are transitional between parvicursorine and non−parvicursorine alvarezsauroids, but detailed comparisons also re− veal that some characters had a more complex distribution. We also use event−based tree−fitting to perform a quantitative analysis of alvarezsauroid biogeography incorporating several recently discovered taxa. The results suggest that there is no statistical support for previous biogeographic hypotheses that favour pure vicariance or pure dispersal scenarios as explana− tions for the distributions of alvarezsauroids across SouthAmerica, NorthAmerica andAsia. Instead, statistically significant biogeographic reconstructions suggest a dominant role for sympatric (or “within area”) events, combined with a mix of vicariance, dispersal and regional extinction. At present the alvarezsauroid data set is too small to completely resolve the biogeographic history of this group: future studies will need to create larger data sets that encompass additional clades.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

osteology; Cretaceous; Late Cretaceous; alvarezsauroid; Linhenykus monodactylus; China; biogeography; Dinosauria; Theropoda; Parvicursorinae; Treefitte; dispersal; vicariance; sympatry; Wulansuhai Formation; Inner Mongolia

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 58
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.25-46,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Xu X.

• Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xiwai Street, Beijing 100044, China

autor

Upchurch P.

autor

Ma Q.

autor

Pittman M.

autor

Choiniere J.

autor

Sullivan C.

autor

Hone D. W. E.

autor

Tan Q.

autor

Tan L.

autor

Xiao D.

autor

Han F.

Bibliografia

• Barsbold, R. and Osmólska, H. 1990. Ornithomimosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (First edition), 225–248. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. Los vertebrados fósiles de la Formación Río Colorado, de la ciudad de Neuquén y cercanias, Cretácico Superior, Argentina. Paleontología 4 (3): 17–123.
• Bonaparte, J.F. and Kielan−Jaworowska, K. 1987. Late Cretaceous dinosaur and mammal faunas of Laurasia and Gondwana. In: P.J. Currie and E.H. Koster (eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers, 24–29. Occasional Papers of the Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller.
• Butler, R.J., Upchurch, P., Norman, D.B., and Parish, J.C. 2006. A biogeographical analysis of the ornithischian dinosaurs. In: P.M. Barrett and S.E. Evans (eds.), Ninth International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, 13–16. The Natural History Museum, London.
• Carrano, M.T. and Hutchinson, J.R. 2002. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 253: 207–228.
• Chatterjee, S. 1998. Counting the fingers of birds and dinosaurs. Science 280: 355a.
• Chiappe, L.M., Norell, M.A., and Clark, J.M. 1998. The skull of a relative of the stem−group bird Mononykus. Nature 392: 275–282.
• Chiappe, L., Norell, M.A., and Clark, J.A. 2002. The Cretaceous short−armed Alvarezsauridae: Mononykus and its kin. In: L.M. Chiappe and L.M. Witmer (eds.), Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, 87–120. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Choiniere, J. 2010. Anatomy and Systematics ofCoelurosaurian Theropods from the Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, with Comments on Forelimb Evolution in Theropoda. 1015 pp. George Washington University, Washington DC.
• Choiniere, J.N., Xu, X., Clark, J.M., Forster, C.A., Guo, Y., and Han, F.L. 2010. A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China. Science 327: 571–574.
• Christiansen, P. and Bonde, N. 2002. Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Ornithology 143: 356–371.
• Christiansen, P. and Fariña, R.A. 2004. Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs. Historical Biology 16: 85–92.
• Chure, D.J. 2001. The wrist of Allosaurus (Saurischia: Theropoda), with observations on the carpus in theropods. In: J.A. Gauthier and L.F. Gall (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds, 122–130. Yale University Press, New Heaven.
• Dyke, G. and Naish, D. 2011. What about European alvarezsauroids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: E147.
• Gatesy, S.M. 1991. Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: implications for terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Morphology 209: 83–96.
• Gauthier, J. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8: 1–55.
• Gayet, M., Rage, J.−C., Sempere, T., and Gagnier, P.Y. 1992. Modalités des échanges de vertébrés continentaux entre l’Amérique du Nord et l’Amérique du Sud au Crétacé supérieur et au Paléocène. Bulletin de la Societé Geologique de France 163: 761–791.
• Hu, D.−Y., Li, L., Hou, L.−H., and Xu, X. 2010. A new sapeornithid bird from China and its implication for early avian evolution. Acta Geologica Sinica 84: 472–482.
• Hutchinson, J.R. 2001. The Evolution of Hindlimb Anatomy and Function in Theropod Dinosaurs. 357 pp. University of California, Berkeley.
• Hutchinson, J.R. and Chiappe, L.M. 1998. The first known alvarezsaurid (Theropoda: Aves) from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 447–450.
• Hutchinson, J.R. and Padian, K. 1997. Arctometatarsalia. In: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 24–27. Academic Press, San Diego.
• Irmis, R.B. 2007. Axial skeletal ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in Archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 350–361.
• Jerzykiewicz, T., Currie, P.J., Eberth, D.A., Johnston, P.A., Koster, E.H., and Zheng, J.−J. 1993. Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre−Altai Gobi. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 2180–2190.
• Jones, T.D., Farlow, J.O., Ruben, J.A., Henderson, D.M., and Hillenius, W.J. 2000. Cursoriality in bipedal archosaurs. Nature 406: 716–718.
• Karhu, A.A. and Rautian, A.S. 1996. A new family of Maniraptora (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 30: 583–592.
• Kessler, E., Grigorescu, D., and Csiki, Z. 2005. Elopteryx revisited—a new bird−like specimen from the Maastrichtian of the Hateg Basin (Romania). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 5: 249–258.
• Kundrát, M., Seichert, V., Russell, A.P., and Smetana, K. 2002. Pentadactyl pattern of the avian wing autopodium and pyramid reduction hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Zoology (Mol Dev Evol) 294: 152–159.
• Le Loeuff, J. 1997. Biogeography. In: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 51–56. Academic Press, San Diego.
• Longrich, N.R. and Currie, P.J. 2008. Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: implications for systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae. Cretaceous Research 30: 239–252.
• Longrich, N.R. and Currie, P.J. 2009. Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae. Cretaceous Research 30: 239–252.
• Lucas, S.G. and Hunt, A.P. 1989. Alamosaurus and the sauropod hiatus in the Cretaceous of the North American western interior. Geological Society of America Special Paper 238: 75–85.
• Makovicky, P.J., Apesteguía, S., and Agnolín, F.L. 2005. The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America Nature 437: 1007–1011.
• Makovicky, P.J.,Kobayashi, Y., and Currie, P.J. 2004. Ornithomimosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition), 137–150. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Martinelli, A.G. andVera, E. 2007. Achillesaurus manazzonei, a new alvarezsaurid theropod (Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Río Negro Province, Argentina. Zootaxa 1582: 1–17.
• Naish, D. and Dyke,G. 2004. Heptasteornis was no ornithomimid, troodontid, dromaeosaurid or owl: the first alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Europe. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 2004 (7): 385–401.
• Novas, F.E. 1996. Alvarezsauridae, Cretaceous basal birds from Patagonia and Mongolia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39: 675–702.
• Novas, F.E. 1997. Anatomy of Patagonykus puertai (Theropoda, Maniraptora, Alvarezsauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 137–166.
• Page, R.D.M. 1991. Random dendrograms and null hypotheses in cladistic biogeography. Systematic Zoology 40: 54–62.
• Page, R.D.M. 1993. Component vers. 2.0. The Natural History Museum, London.
• Page, R.D.M. 1995. TreeMap for Windows vers. 1.0a. Available from http://taxonomy.zoology.gla.ac.uk/rod/treemap.html.
• Perle, A.,Chiappe, L.M., Barsbold, R.,Clark, J.M., andNorell, M. 1994. Skeletal morphology of Mononykus olecranus (Theropoda: Avialae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3105: 1–29.
• Perle, A., Norell, M.A., Chiappe, L., and Clark, J.M. 1993. Flightless bird from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. Nature 362: 623–626.
• Ronquist, F. 1998. Three−dimensional cost−matrix optimization and maximum cospeciation. Cladistics 14: 167–172.
• Russell, D.A. 1993. The role of Central Asia in dinosaurian biogeography. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 2002–2012.
• Salgado, L., Coria, R.A., Arcucci, A.B., and Chiappe, L.M. 2009. Remains of Alvarezsauridae (Theropoda, Coelurosauria) in the Allen Formation (Campanian–Maastrichthian), in Salitral Ojo de Agua, Río Negro Province, Argentina. Andean Geology 36: 67–80.
• Sanmartin, I. and Ronquist, F. 2004. Southern Hemisphere biogeography inferred by event−based models: plant versus animal patterns. Systematic Biology 53: 216–243.
• Senter, P. 2005. Function in the stunted forelimbs of Mononykus olecranus (Theropoda), a dinosaurian anteater. Paleobiology 31: 373–381.
• Sereno, P.C. 1999. Dinosaurian biogeography; vicariance, dispersal and regional extinction. National Science Museum Monographs 15: 249–257.
• Sullivan, R.M. and Lucas, S.G. 2000. Alamosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the late Campanian of New Mexico and its significance. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 400–403.
• Suzuki, S., Chiappe, L.M., Dyke, G.J., Watabe, M., Barsbold, R., and Tsogtbataar, K. 2002. A new specimen of Shuvuuia deserti Chiappe et al., 1998, from the Mongolian Late Cretaceous with a discussion of the relationships of alvarezsaurids to other theropod dinosaurs. Contributions in Science 494: 1–18.
• Tamura, K., Nomura, N., Seki, R., Yonei−Tamura, S., and Yokoyama, H. 2011. Embryological evidence identifies wing digits in birds as digits 1, 2, and 3. Science 331: 753–757.
• Turner, A.H. 2004. Crocodyliform biogeography during the Cretaceous: evidence of Gondwanan vicariance. Proceedings of The Royal Society of London Series B 271: 2003–2009.
• Turner, A.H., Nesbitt, S.J., and Norell, M.A. 2009. Alarge alvarezsaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3648: 1–14.
• Upchurch, P. 2008. Gondwanan break−up—legacies of a lost world? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 229–236.
• Upchurch, P., Hunn, C.A., and Norman, D.B. 2002. An analysis of dinosaurian biogeography: evidence for the existence of vicariance and dispersal patterns caused by geological events. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B−Biological Sciences 269: 613–621.
• Vargas, A.O. and Fallon, J.F. 2005. Birds have dinosaur wings: the molecular evidence. Journal of Experimental Zoology (MolDev Evol) 304 B: 86–90.
• Vargas, A.O., Kohlsdorf, T., Fallon, J.F., Brooks, J.V., and Wagner, G.P. 2008. The evolution of HoxD−11 expression in the bird wing: insights from Alligator mississippiensis. PLoS ONE 3: e3325.
• Wagner, G.P. and Gauthier, J.A. 1999. 1,2,3 = 2,3,4: a solution to the problem of the homology of the digits in the avian hand. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 96: 5111–5116.
• Weishampel, D.B., Barrett, P.M., Coria, R.A., Loeuff, J.L., Xu, X., Zhao, X.J., Sahni, A., Gomani, E., and Noto, C.R. 2004. Dinosaur distribution. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Wilson, J.A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 639–653.
• Xu, X., Clark, J.M., Mo, J.−Y., Choiniere, J., Forster, C.A., Erickson, G.M., Hone, D.W.E., Sullivan, C., Eberth, D.A., Nesbitt, S., Zhao, Q., Hernandez, R., Jia, C.K., Han, F.−L., and Guo, Y. 2009. A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digit homologies. Nature 459: 940–944.
• Xu, X., Sullivan, C., Pittman, M., Choiniere, J., Hone, D.W.E., Upchurch, P., Tan, Q.−W., Xiao, D., and Tan, L. 2011a. The first known monodactyl non−avian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 2338–2342.
• Xu, X., Sullivan, C., Pittman, M., Choiniere, J., Hone, D.W.E., Upchurch, P., Tan, Q.−W., Xiao,D., and Tan, L. 2011b. Reply toDyke andNaish: European alvarezsauroids do not change the picture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: E148.
• Xu, X., Wang, D.Y., Sullivan, C., Hone, D., Han, F.L., Yan, R.−H., and Du, F.−M. 2010. A basal parvicursorine (Theropoda: Alvarezsauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. Zootaxa 2413: 1–19.
• Zhou, Z.H. 1995. Is Mononykus a bird? Auk 112: 958–963.