The evaluation of the production efficiency of sugar beets and sugar in Ukraine for the period of 2001–1015 was made. The preconditions of negative changes in the sugar branch were studied. A polynomial model which describes the yielding capacity level of sugar beets in Ukraine in 1913–2015 has been worked out; the prediction of sugar beet yield for the year of 2017 has been made and its increase by 28% is expected. Diversification trends of the supply of sugar-mills which will favor the efficiency enhancement of sugar beet production have been explained. The ways of the efficiency enhancement of sugar beet production to ensure stable business development in the branch which requires active government support of producers have been identified.