Illecebrum verticillatum L. - endangered species in agrocenoses of Eastern Poland: assessment of ecological and genetic indicators for protection goals

• Autorzy: Skrajna T. , Kubicka H. , Rzymowska Z.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A rapid decrease in floristic biodiversity of agrocenoses has been observed in Europe for a half of century. A dynamic intensification of processes of crop production is considered one of the major reasons for shrinking of occurrence acreage and population number, or even extinction of numerous species with narrow ecological niche and high sensitivity to herbicides. These unfavourable transformations contribute to the gene pool restriction and necessity of species conservation. A representative of that group of plants is Illecebrum verticillatum (Caryophyllaceae) – a rare species endangered due to extinction in many European countries. Results of a study on decline of communities with Illecebrum verticillatum at the most northeastward sites in the Kałuszyn Upland (Podlasie Lowland, Eastern Poland) are presented. Observations were made on permanent plots for three periods (I – the years 1994–1997, period II – the years 2002–2004 and period III –the years 2008–2010) over the last 17 years. The material studied consisted of 136 phytosociological releves made by Braun-Blanquet method. Changes in phytoceoses with Illecebrum verticillatum were analysed and the habitat factors responsible for regression of these phytocenoses were identified. The degree of endangering of Illecebrum verticillatum in the area studied was evaluated on the basis of the frequency of occurrence, population abundance and genetic variation at the level of storage proteins in seeds by the modified SDS-PAGE method. Comparison of phytocenoses from different periods revealed a number of qualitative and quantitative differences. The number of sites of occurrence as well as population abundance of Illecebrum verticillatum have drastically decreased. Changes in the contribution of indicatory species (according to Ellenberg) were noted. In periods II and III a decrease in the contribution of hygrophilous and acidophilous species and an increase in that of nitrophilous species was observed. Significant changes in the structure of communities were confirmed by the calculated similarity indices (the most pronounced differences were observed between periods I and III). The phytocenoses were transformed towards degraded floristic composition, manifested by a decrease in the number of species in a plot, decrease in species diversity and increase in the index of domination. A significant increase in pH and nitrogen content at the habitats studied was noted. The phytocenoses reveal a replacement of nitrophilous for the eurytopic species. The factors having the strongest restricting effect on the occurrence of communities with Illecebrum verticillatum in the areas studied include: changes in the structure of agricultural use of land, increase in the contribution of maize in the structure of crops and intensification of production. At present 6 sites with Illecebrum verticillatum remain in the study area about 260 km2 (Kałuszyn Upland, Central-eastern Poland). Electrophoretic analysis of storage proteins in seeds of this speciesfrom these sites has shown high genetic similarity of these populations, irrespective of the distances between them (0–19% diversity among six the remaining populations). The diminished genetic pool of Illecebrum verticillatum population in this area indicates a need for the protection of this species.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Illecebrum verticillatum; endangered species; agrocenosis; Eastern Poland; ecological index; genetic index; polymorphism; storage protein; phytocoenosis; electrophoretic analysis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 60
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.577-589,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Skrajna T.

• The Agricultural Ecology Department, University of Nature Science and Humanity, B. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland

autor

Kubicka H.

autor

Rzymowska Z.

Bibliografia

• Byfield A.J., Wilson P.J. 2005 – Important arable plants areas: identifying priority sites for arable plant conservation in the United Kingdom – Plantlife, Salisbury, 23 pp.
• Cieślak E., Pail W., Ronikier M. 2006 – Low genetic diversity in the endangered population of Viola uliginosa in its locus classicus at Rząstka near Cracow (Southern Poland) as revealed by AFLP markers – Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 75: 245–251.
• Central Statistical Office (GUS) 2010 –/www.stat.gov.pl/
• Crawley M. J. 2008 – Berkshire Axiophytes V.C. 22: 4–5.
• Decocq G. 2004 – L’evolution de l’Ager dans le nord de la France depuis le XIXeme siecle: notule d’archeoagronomie (In: La vegetation postglaciaire du passe et du present: syngenese,
• synecologie, synsystematique, Ed. J.M. Gehu) – Cramer, Berlin, pp. 783–802.
• Duarte J.M., Santos J.B., Melo L.C. 1999 – Comparison of similarity coefficients based on rapid markers in the common bean – Genet. Mol. Biol. 22: 427–432.
• Ellenberg H., Weber H., Dull R., Wirth V., Werner W., Paulissen D. 1992 – Zeigerverte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa – Scripta Geobot. 18: 1–258.
• Falkowski M., Nowicka-Falkowska K., Krechowski J. 2009 – Endangered species of vascular flora in fishpond complexes of the Central-Eastern Poland, EJPAU 12(4), 29. Available Online: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/ volume12/issue4/art-29.html
• Fijałkowski D., Nycz B. 1998 – Zagrożone gatunki roślin segetalnych na Lubelszczyźnie [Threatened species of segetal plants in the Lublin region] – Acta Univ. Lodz. Folia Bot. 13: 199–208 (in Polish).
• Gibson R.H., Nelson I.L., Hopkins G.G., Hamlett B.J., Memmott J. 2006 – Pollinatorwebs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants: arable weeds as a case study – J. Appl. Ecol. 43: 246–257.
• Gołębiowska H., Kaus A. 2009 – Wpływ zrożnicowanych systemow uprawy na stan zachwaszczenia kukurydzy [Influence of diversified tillage systems on weed infestation in crop maize] – Progr. Plant Protection/Post. W Ochr. Roślin, 49: 792–796 (in Polish).
• Hawes C., Haughton A.J., Osborne J.L., Roy D.B., Clark S.J., Perr y J.N., Rothery P., Bohan D.A., Bruks D.R., Champion G.T., Dewar A.M., Heard M.S., Woiwod I.P., Daniels R.E., Young M.W., Parish A.M., Scott R.J.,Firbank L.G., Squire G.R. 2003 – Responses of plant and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops – Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 358: 1899–1913.
• Hoste I., Van Landuyt W., Verloove F. 2006 – Landschap en flora in beweging, 19de en 20ste eeuw (In: Atlas van de Flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels Gewest, Eds: W. Van Landuyt, I. Hoste, L. Vanhecke, P. Van den Bremt, W. Vercruysse, D. De Beer) – Sofadi, Brussels, pp. 45–70.
• Ihse M., Lindshl C. 2000 – A holistic model for landscape ecology in practice: the Swedish survey and management of ancient meadows and pastures – Landscape Urban Plan, 50: 59–84.
• Kondracki J. 2002 – Geografia regionalna Polski [The regional geography of Poland] – PWN Warszawa, 441 pp. (in Polish).
• Korniak T. 1992 – Flora segetalna połnocnowschodniej Polski, jej przestrzenne zrożnicowanie i wspołczesne przemiany [Segetal flora of north-eastern Poland, its spatial differentiation and current changes] – Acta Acad. Agricult. Tech. Olst. Agricult. 53, Suppl. A: 3–76 (in Polish).
• Korniak T., Hołdyński Cz. 2006 – Zmiany we florze segetalnej upraw zbożowych Suwalskiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Changes in the segetal flora of cerealscrops in the Suwałki Landscape Park] – Pam. Puław. IUNG Puławy, 143: 105–111 (in Polish).
• Korneck D., Schnittler M., Vollmer I. 1996 – Rotte Liste der Farn – und Blutenpflanzen (Preridophyta et Spermatophyta) Deutschland (In: Rote Liste gefahrdeter Pflanzen Deutschlands, Eds: G. Ludwig, M. Schnittler) – Schriftenr, Vegetationsk, 28: 21–187.
• Kropač Z. 2006 – Segetal vegetation in the Czech Republic: synthesis and syntaxonomical revision – Preslia, 78: 123–209.
• Krebs Ch. J. 2001 – Ecology. The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance, sixth edition – PWN, Warszawa, 735 pp (in Polish).
• Kubicka H., Carillo J.M., Benito C. 2005 – Zmienność morfologiczna i polimorfizm białek zapasowych w liniach wsobnych żyta ozimego (Secale cereale L.) [Morphological variability and polimorphism of protein storage in inbred lines of winter rye (Secale cereale L.)] – Zesz. Nauk. Polit. Biał. 10: 257–265 (in Polish).
• Lososova Z. 2003 – Estimating past distribution of vanishing weed vegetation in South Moravia – Preslia, 75: 71–79.
• Lososova Z., Simonova D. 2008 – Changes during the 20th century in species composition of synanthropic vegetation in Moravia (Czech Republic) – Preslia, 80: 291–305.
• Majekova J., Zaliberova M. 2005 – Reassessment of rareness and threat of segetal plans species in the Borska nižina Lowland (In: Threatened Weedy Plant Species) – Book from the International Scientific Conference Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, pp. 29–35.
• Matuszkiewicz W. 2001 – Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski – [Guidebook to plant communities of Poland] – PWN, Warszawa, 537 pp. (in Polish).
• Margules C.R., Pressey R. L. 2000 – Systematic conservation planning – Nature, 405: 243–253.
• Marshall E., Brown V., Boatman N., Lutman P., Squire G., Ward L. 2003 – The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields – Weed Res. 43: 77–89.
• Meusel H., Jager E., Weinert E. 1978 – Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaischen Flora –Karten-Band 2 – G. Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 255–421
• Mirek Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa H., Zając A., Zając M. 2002 – Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland – a checklist (In: Biodiversity of Poland 1, Ed. Z. Mirek) – W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 442 pp.
• Nezadal W. 1999 – Isoeto-Nanojuncetea-Arten als Bestandteil von Ackerunkraut- gesellschaften in Nordbayern und auf der Iberischen Halbinsel – Mitt. bad. Landesver. Naturkunde u. Naturschutz, 17: 419–425.
• Noss R.F. 2007 – Values area good thing in conservation biology – Conserv. Biol. 21: 18–20.
• Nowak A., Nowak S., Spałek K. 2003 – Red list of vascular plants of Opole Province – Opol. Scient. Soc., Nature Journal, 36: 5–20.
• Nowak A., Nowak S., Spałek K. 2008 – Red list of vascular plants of Opole Province – Opol. Scient. Soc. Nature Journal. 41: 141–158.
• Olszewski T.S., Markowski R. 2006 (2007) – Addenda to the red list of vascular plant of Gdańsk Pomoriana. 2 (In: Contemporary trends of botanical resarch – on Professor Hanna Piotrowska 80th birthday anniversary, Eds: T.S. Olszewski, R. Afranowicz, K. Bociąg) – Acta Bot. Cassub. 6: 13–172.
• Pawłowski B. 1972 – Skład i budowa zbiorowisk roślinnych oraz metody ich badania [The composition and constitution of plant communities and methods of their examination (In: Szata roślinna Polski [Plant cover of Poland] – PWN, Warszawa, pp. 237–268 (in Polish).
• Preston C.D., Pearman D.A., Dines T.D. 2002 – An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands – Oxford University Press, 922 pp.
• Preston C.D., Telfer M.G., Arnold H.R., Carey P.D., Cooper J.M., Dines T.D., Hill M.O., Pearman D.A., Roy D.B., Smart S.M. 2002 – The Changing Flora on the UK – Defra, London, 36 pp.
• Pinke G. 2004 – Letzte Vorkommen von Caucalidion – Arten im Nordwesten Ungarns – J. Plant Dis. Protect. 19: 73–82.
• Pinke G., Pal R. 2008 – Phytosociological and conservational study of the arable weed communities in western Hungary – Plant Biosyst. 142: 491–508.
• Popiela A. 1998 – The distribution of character species of the Isoeto-Nanojuncetea-class in Poland. Part I. Centunculus minimus, Radiola linoides and Illecebrum verticillatum – Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 43: 223–230.
• Robinson R.A., Sutherland W.J. 2002 – Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britanin – J. Appl. Ecol. 39: 157–176.
• Rzymowska Z., Skrajna T. 2011– Segetal flora of the Łukow Plan – Acta Agrobot. 64: 93–108.
• Schneider C., Sukopp U., Sukopp H. 1994 – Biologisch-okologische Grundlagen des Schutzes gefahrdeter Setalpflanzen – Schriftenr. Vegetationsk. 26: 356.
• Skrajna T., Skrzyczyńska J. 2006 – Stanowiska wybranych wilgociolubnych chwastow polnych na Wysoczyźnie Kałuszyńskiej [Stations of the selected hygrophilous field weeds in the Kałuszyńska Upland] – Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Polonica, 13: 293–299 (in Polish).
• Skrajna T., Kubicka H., Rzymowska Z. 2012 – Phenotypic variation in relation to seed storage proteins polymorphism in Bromus secalinus L. populations from the North-Eastern Poland – Pol. J. Ecol. 60: 45–55.
• Skrzyczyńska J., Rzymowska Z. 2001 – Flora segetalna Podlaskiego Przełomu Bugu. [The segetal flora of the Bug river geomorphologicalterritories in Podlasie region] – Acta Agrobot. 54: 115–135 (in Polish).
• Sobczyk M. 2007 – Statystyka – PWN Warszawa, 428 pp. (in Polish).
• Walker KJ., Preston C.D. 2006 – Ecological predictors of extinction risk in the flora of lowland England, UK – Biodivers Conserv. 15: 1913–1942.
• Warcholińska A.U. 1988 – Przemiany zbiorowisk segetalnych w 1977–1983 towarzyszące powstaniu Bełchatowskiego Okręgu Przemysłowego [Changes in the segetal com-munities in 1977–1983 accompanying with formation of Bełchatow Industrial Region] – Acta Agrobot. 41: 91–211 (in Polish).
• Warcholińska A.U. 1994 – List of threatened segetal plant species in Poland (In: Antropization and environment of rural settlements. Flora and vegetation, Eds: S. Mochnacky, A. Terpo) – Proceedings of International Conference, Satoraljaujhely, pp. 206–219.
• Warcholińska A.U. 2002 – Właściwości zagrożonych gatunkow flory segetalnej środkowej Polski i możliwości ich ochrony [Features of threatened segetal flora species in Central Poland and possibility of their protection] – Acta Univ. Lodz., Folia Biol. et Oecol. 1: 71–95 (in Polish).
• White P.S., Jentsch A. 2001 – The search for generality in studies of disturbance and ecosystem dynamics (In: Progress in Botany, Eds: E. Kesser U. Lutgge J.W. Kadereit, W. Beyschlag) – Springer, Berlin, pp. 399–450.
• Woś A. 1999 – Klimat Polski [Climatic regions of Poland] – PWN Warszawa, pp. 183–224 (in Polish).
• Zając A., Zając M. 1974 – Rozmieszczenie Illecebrum verticillatum L. (Caryophyllaceae) w Polsce. [Illecebrum verticillatum L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Poland] – Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach, ser B Botanika, 27: 219–226 (in Polish).
• Zając A., Zając M. 1998 – Czerwona lista roślin naczyniowych byłego wojewodztwaKrakowskiego [The red list of vascular plants of the former Krakow Province] – Ochr. Przyr. 55: 25–35 (in Polish).
• Zając A., Zając M. (eds) 2001 – Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Poland – Laboratory of Computer Chorology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow . pp. 715.
• Zarzycki K., Szeląg Z. 2006 – Red list of the vascular plants in Poland (In: Red list of plants and fungi in Poland, Eds: Z. Mirek, K. Zarzycki, W. Wojewoda, Z. Szeląg) – W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, pp. 9–20.
• Żukowski W., Jackowiak B. 1995 – Ginące i zagrożone rośliny naczyniowe Pomorza Zachodniego i Wielkopolski. [Endangered and threatened vascular plants of Western Pomerania and Wielkopolska] – Zakład Taksonomii Roślin. Univ. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, pp. 1– 141 (in Polish).
• Van Calster H., Vandenberghe R, Ruysen M., Verheyen K., Hermy M., Decocq G. 2008 –Unexpectedly high 20th century floristic losses in a rural landscape in northern France – J. Ecol. 96: 927–936.
• Vellak A., Tuvi E.L., Reier U., Kalamees R., Roosaluste L., Zobel M., Partel M., 2008 – Past and present effectiveness of protected areas for conservation of naturally and antropogenically rare plant species – Conserv. Biol. 23: 750–757.