PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2014 | 06 | 1 |

Tytuł artykułu

Influence of strength, endurance and concurrent training on the lipid profile and blood testosterone and cortisol response in young male wrestlers

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Background: There is little information regarding the effects of concurrent training (endurance and resistance training) on the fat profile, blood testosterone and cortisol response. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of concurrent training on the fat profile, blood testosterone and cortisol response in young male wrestlers. Material/Methods: Twenty-four young male wrestlers voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to three groups, namely: endurance training (ET, N=8), strength training (ST, N=8) and concurrent training (CT, N=8). The groups did their training programs three sessions per week. Results: The findings of this study showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased by 33.54% in the strength group (P=0.02). Total Testosterone (TT) experienced a decrease by 30.68% in the endurance group (P= 0.02) and by 41.55% in the concurrent group (P=0.02). Cortisol (cor) increased by 55.73% in the endurance (P=0.00) and by 41.55% in the concurrent (P=0.02) group, respectively. Testosterone-to-Cholesterol ratio (TT:Cor) decreased by 125.80% by and 78.12% in the endurance (P=0.00) and concurrent (0.04) groups, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the decrease in HDL, an increasing trend in TT in the strength training group and also a decrease in TT and an improved lipids profile in the endurance and concurrent training groups can be a function of the training type.

Twórcy

  • Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Iran
  • Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
  • Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Iran
autor
  • Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran
  • Islamic Azad University, Ali Abad Katool Branch, Iran

Bibliografia

  • 1.Mackness M, Mackness B. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis: is the gene or the protein more important? Free Rad Biol. Med. 2004;37:1317-1323.
  • 2. Staron RS, Hikida RS, Hgermann FC, Dudley GA, Murray TF. Human skeletal muscle fiber type adaptability to various workloads. J Histochem. 1984;32:146-152.
  • 3. Okrainec K, Banerjee DK, Eisenberg MJ. Coronary artery disease in the developing world. Am Heart J. 2004;148:7-15.
  • 4. Rosano GM, Leonardo F, Pagnotta P, et al. Acute anti-ischemic effect of testosterone in men with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1999;99:1666-1670.
  • 5. De Souza EO, Tricoli V, Franchini E, Paulo AC, Regazzini M, Ugrinowitsch C. Acute effect of 2 aerobic exercise modes on maximum strength and strength endurance. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:1286- 1290.
  • 6. Alexandersen P, Haarbo J, Byrjalsen I, Lawaetz H, Christiansen C. Natural androgens inhibit male atherosclerosis: a study in castrated, cholesterol-fed rabbits. Circ Res. 1999;84(7):813-819.
  • 7. Ghahramanloo E, Midgley AW, Bentley DJ. The effect of concurrent training on blood lipid profile and anthropometrical characteristics of previously untrained men. J Phys Activ Health. 2009;6:760-766.
  • 8. Maimoun L, Lumbroso S, Manetta J, Paris F, Leroux JL, Sultan C. Testosterone is significantly reduced in endurance athletes without impact on bone mineral density. Horm Res. 2003;59:285-292.
  • 9. Bennel KL, Brukner PD, Malcolm SA. Effect of altered reproductive function and lowered testosterone levels on bone density in male endurance athletes. Br J Sports Med. 1996;30:205-208.
  • 10. Adams MR, Williams JK, Kaplan JR. Effects of androgens on coronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related impairment of vascular responsiveness. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1995;15(5):562-570.
  • 11. Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sports and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med. 2009;30:701-702.
  • 12. Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Lhullier FLR, et al. Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31:689-97.
  • 13. Dorrens J, Rennie MJ. Effects of ageing and human whole body and muscle protein turnover. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13:26-33.
  • 14. Lepers R, Millet GY, Maffiuletti NA. Effect of cycling cadence on contractile and neural properties of knee extensors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:1882-1889.
  • 15. Cadore EL, Lhullier FLR, Brentano MA, et al. Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:1617-1624.
  • 16. Despres JP, Gagnon J, Bergeron J, et al. Plasma post-heparin lipase activities in the HERITAGE family study: the reproducibility, gender differences, and associations with lipoprotein levels. Health, risk factors, exercise training and genetics. Clin Biochem. 1999;32:157-165.
  • 17. Basaria S, Dobs AS. Testosterone making an entry into the cardiometabolic world. Circulation. 2007;116:2658-2661.
  • 18. Stampfer MJ, Sacks FM, Salvini S, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cholesterol, apolipoproteins and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(6):373-381.
  • 19. Elliott KJ, Sale C, Cable NT. Effects of resistance training and detraining on muscle strength and blood lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(5):340-344.
  • 20. Mirghani SJ, Aghaalinejad H, Azarbayjani MA, Mazidi A, Arshadi S,Mirghani SA. The effect of eight weeks concurrent training on blood lipid profile and body mass index in young men. Int Med J. 2012;19(3):260-263.
  • 21. Miyachi M, Kawano H, Sugawara J, et al. Unfavorable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized intervention study. Circulation. 2004;110:2858-2863.
  • 22. Cortez-Cooper MY, Anton MM, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN, Tanaka H. The effects of strength training on central arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults. Eur J Cardiov Prev R. 2008;15:149- 155.
  • 23. Rip J, Nierman MC, Wareham NJ, et al. Serum lipoprotein lipase concentration and risk for future coronary artery disease: the EPICN or folk prospective population study. Arterioscler Throm Vasc. 2006;26:637-642.
  • 24. Shahani S, Braga-Basaria M, Basaria S. Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and metabolic risk for atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:2042-2049.
  • 25. Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Licata G, et al. Vascular effects of progesterone: role of cellular calcium regulation. Hypertension. 2001;37(1):142-147.
  • 26. Rolf C, Nieschlag E. Potential adverse effects of long-term testosterone therapy. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;12:521-534.
  • 27. Saad F, Gooren LJ, Haider A, Yassin A. A dose-response study of testosterone on sexual dysfunction and features of the metabolic syndrome using testosterone gel and parenteral testosterone undecanoate. J Androl. 2008;29:102-105.
  • 28. Tenover JS. Effects of testosterone supplementation in the aging male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75:1092-1098.
  • 29. Page ST, Mohr BA, Link CL, O’Donnell AB, Bremner WJ, Mckinlay JB. Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Asian J Androl. 2008;10(2):193-200.
  • 30. Singh SK, Goyal R, Pratyush DD. Is hypoandrogenemia a component of metabolic syndrome in males? Exp Clin Endocr Diab. 2011;119(1):30-35.
  • 31. Wittert GA, Chapman. MI, Haren MT, Mackintosh S, Coates P, Morley JE. Oral testosterone supplementation increases muscle and decreases fat mass in healthy elderly males with low-normal gonadal status. The Journals of Gerontology A. 2003;58(7):618-625.
  • 32. Hero M, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Taskinen M-R, Dunkel L. Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition. Eur J Endocr. 2006; 155:453-460
  • 33. Bottner A, Kratzsch J, Muller G, et al. Gender differences of adiponectin levels develop during the progression of puberty and are related to serum androgen levels. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2004;89:4053-4061.
  • 34. Reinehr T, Roth C, Menke T, Andler W. Adiponectin before and after weight loss in obese children. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2004;89:3790-3794.
  • 35. Targher G, Bertolini L, Zenari L. Hypoadiponectinemia is closely associated with nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in obese subjects. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2085-2086.
  • 36. Pilz S, Horejsi R, Moller R, et al. Early atherosclerosis in obese juveniles is associated with low serum levels of adiponectin. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2005;90:4792-4796.
  • 37. English KM, Mandour O, Steeds RP, Diver MJ, Jones TH, Channer KS. Men with coronary artery disease have lower levels of androgens than men with normal coronary angiograms. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:890-894.
  • 38. Hirsch J, Han PW. Cellularity of rat adipose tissue: effects of growth, starvation, and obesity. J Lipid Res. 1969;10:77-82.
  • 39. Booth MA, Booth MJ, Taylor AW. Rat fat cell size and number with exercise training, detraining and weight loss. Fed Proc. 1974;33:1959-1963.
  • 40. Fahlman MM, Boardley D, Lambert CP, Flynn MG. Effects of endurance training and resistance training on plasma lipoprotein profiles in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(2):B54-B60.
  • 41. Bell GJ, Syrotuik D, Martin TP, Burnham R, Quinney HA. Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000:81:418-427.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-ceda2619-dca0-4b81-919a-567d82d19fc8
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.