Is nestling growth affected by nest reuse and skin bacteria in Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca?

• Autorzy: Gonzalez-Braojos S. , Vela A. I. , Ruiz-De-Castaneda R. , Briones V. , Cantarero A. , Moreno J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Związek pomiędzy wykorzystaniem starych gniazd a stopniem zasiedlenia skóry przez bakterie i wzrostem piskląt muchołówki żałobnej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Bacteria may colonize avian nests with unknown repercussions on nestling growth and health, although bacteria on nest materials may easily colonize nestling skin and growing feathers. Cavity nesters may have to build their nests on top of used nest materials, given restrictions on cavity availability. Nest reuse may favour bacterial colonization of nest materials and nestling skin and thereby affect nestling feather growth. To test these possibilities, we conducted a study of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in nest-boxes in central Spain. We left a sample of nest- boxes without removing old nest materials in 2010 and compared bacterial loads of nest materials, control inert objects and nestling belly skin in reused nests with those in new nests in 2011. Nestlings raised in reused nests had higher bacterial loads on their belly skin than those in new nests, while no difference between nest types for nest materials and control inert objects were found. There was a marginally significant tendency for wing length before fledging to be lower in reused nests, but no trend for mass or tarsus length. The bacterial loads of nests showed a negative association with feather growth of nestlings as expressed through wing length but not with tarsus length or mass growth. These results indicate an association between nest reuse and bacterial growth on nestling skin not hitherto detected. They also suggest a possible impairment of flight capacity at fledging mediated by nest bacterial communities which are in direct contact with nestling skin and growing feathers.

PL

Dziuplaki często budują nowe gniazda na materiale gniazdowym z poprzednich sezonów lęgowych, co może sprzyjać zasiedlaniu materiału nowego gniazda oraz skóry piskląt przez bakterie. W pracy badano związek pomiędzy obecnością starego materiału gniazdowego a stopniem zasiedlania nowego gniazda oraz skóry piskląt przez bakterie oraz zależnością między stopniem zasiedlenia gniazda i skóry przez bakterie a wzrostem piskląt. Muchołówki żałobne gniazdowały w dwóch typach skrzynkach lęgowych: 1) wyczyszczonych przed sezonem lub 2) ze starymi gniazdami — zarówno sikor, jak i muchołówek — z poprzedniego sezonu lęgowego. W dniu wyklucia się piskląt do gniazd wkładano niewielki sterylny plastikowy prostokąt. W 13. dniu życia piskląt pobierano wymazy z materiału gniazdowego, skóry na brzuchu piskląt (po dwa pisklęta na gniazdo) oraz z plastikowego elementu (Fig. 1), oraz ważono i mierzono (długość skoku i skrzydła) pisklęta. Bakterie hodowano na podłożu agar TSA, przez 48 h w temperaturze 25 °C. Stopień zasiedlenia skóry przez bakterie opisuje liczba jednostek tworzących kolonie (j.t.k. ang. CFU, colony forming units)/cm2. Ponieważ rodzaj starego gniazda — zbudowane przez sikory lub muchołówki — nie miał wpływu na stopień zasiedlenia materiału gniazdowego, plastikowego prostokąta oraz skóry piskląt przez bakterie, dane z obu rodzajów starych gniazd połączono w jedną kategorię. Stwierdzono, że gniazda oraz plastikowe elementy w skrzynkach ze starymi gniazdami oraz skrzynkach wyczyszczonych mają podobny stopień zasiedlenia przez bakterie. Natomiast pisklęta z gniazd zbudowanych na starym materiale miały więcej bakterii na skórze (Fig. 2). W analizach kontrolowano wpływ innych zmiennych, tj. data wyklucia i liczba piskląt w lęgu. (Tab. 1, 2). Pisklęta z gniazd zbudowanych na starym materiale miały krótsze skrzydła, natomiast rodzaj gniazda nie miał wpływu na masę ciała oraz długość skoku piskląt. (Tab. 3, 4). Stwierdzono ujemną zależność pomiędzy stopniem zasiedlenia materiału gniazdowego przez bakterie i długością skrzydła piskląt (Fig. 3, Tab. 5). Nie stwierdzono natomiast zależności pomiędzy stopniem zasiedlenia gniazda i skóry piskląt przez bakterie a masą ciała i długością skoku piskląt (Tab. 5). Wyniki wskazują, że istnieje związek pomiędzy wykorzystywaniem miejsc gniazdowych zawierających stare gniazda a stopniem zasiedlenia przez bakterie oraz kondycją piskląt i ich zdolnością do lotu.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 47
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.119-127,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Gonzalez-Braojos S.

• Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

autor

Vela A. I.

• VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
• Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

autor

Ruiz-De-Castaneda R.

• Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

autor

Briones V.

• VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
• Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

autor

Cantarero A.

• Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

autor

Moreno J.

• Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

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