Community level support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis

• Autorzy: Jacobs D.S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The allotonic frequency hypothesis proposes that some insectivorous bats increase their access to moths that can hear echolocation calls by using frequencies to which the ears of the moths are less sensitive. The hypothesis predicts that the frequencies of bat echolocation calls are positively correlated with the incidence of moths in the diet of these bats. Studies that have provided evidence in support of the allotonic frequency hypothesis have relied on data collected by a number of researchers, in a number of different ways and at different times. The aim of this study was to test the allotonic frequency hypothesis on a single African bat community so that data for the different species could be collected at more or less the same time and in the same way. This community consisted of three high duty cycle species, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideros caffer, and Rhinolophus simulator, and two low duty cycle species, Miniopterus schreibersii and Scotophilus borbonicus. As predicted by the hypothesis, echolocation frequency was positively correlated with the proportion of moths in the diet of these bats. Echolocation frequency was also a better predictor of diet than wing morphology suggesting that the selection pressure exerted by moth hearing might have acted directly on call frequency and secondarily on wing morphology, as part of the same adaptive complex. These results suggest that structure of bat communities might be determined by prey defenses rather than by competition.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: 02
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.197-207,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Jacobs D.S.

• Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosh 7701, South Africa

Bibliografia

• Acharya, L., and M. B. Fenton. 1999. Bat attacks and moth defensive behaviour around street lights. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77: 27-33.
• Arita, H. T. 1997. Species composition and morphological structure of the bat fauna of Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66: 83-97.
• Arita, H. T., and M. B. Fenton. 1997. Flight and echolocation in the ecology and evolution of bats. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 12: 53-58.
• Aldridge, H. D. J. N., and I. L. Rautenbach. 1987. Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56: 763-778.
• Black, H. L. 1974. A north temperate bat community: structure and prey populations. Journal of Mammalogy, 55: 138-157.
• Black, H. L. 1979. Precision in prey selection by the trident-nosed bat (Cloeotis percivali). Mammalia, 43: 53-57.
• Bogdanowicz, W., M. B. Fenton, and K. Daleszczyk. 1999. The relationship between echolocation calls, morphology and diet in insectivorous bats. Journal of Zoology (London), 247: 381-393.
• Bowie, R. C. K., D. S. Jacobs, and P. Taylor. 1999. Resource use by two morphologically similar insectivorous bats (Nycteris thebaica and Hipposideros caffer). South African Journal of Zoology, 34: 27-33.
• De Oliveira, M. C. 1998. Anabat system practical guide: survey techniques, collection and characterization of reference bat echolocation calls, common field problems and problem solving. Department of Natural Resources, Queensland, iv + 60 pp.
• Dunning, D. C., and M. Krüger. 1996. Predation upon moths by free-foraging Hipposideros caffer. Journal of Mammalogy, 77: 708-715.
• Fenton, M. B., and G. P. Bell. 1981. Recognition of species of insectivorous bats by their echolocation calls. Journal of Mammalogy, 62: 233-243.
• Fenton, M. B., and J. H. Fullard. 1979. The influence of moth hearing on bat echolocation strategies. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 132: 77-86.
• Fenton, M. B., and J. H. Fullard. 1981. Moth hearing and the feeding strategies of bats. American Scientist, 69: 266-275.
• Fenton, M. B., D. H. M. Cumming, I. L. Rautenbach, G. S. Cumming, M. S. Cumming, G. Ford, R. D. Taylor, J. Dunlop, M. D. Hovorka, D. S. Johnston, C. V. Portfors, M. C. Kalcounis, and Z. Mahlanga. 1998. Bats and the loss of tree canopy in African woodlands. Conservation Biology, 12: 399-407.
• Freeman, P. W. 1979. Specialized insectivory: beetle-eating and moth-eating molossid bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 60: 166-173.
• Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana, Zoology, 7: 1-173.
• Fullard, J. H. 1982. Echolocation assemblages and their effects on moth auditory systems. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60: 2572-2576.
• Fullard, J. 1987. Sensory ecology and neuroethology of bats and moths: interactions on a global perspective. Pp. 244-272, in Recent advances in the study of bats (M. B. Fenton, P. Racey, and J. M. V. Rayner, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xii + 1-470.
• Fullard, J. H. 1988. The tuning of moth ears. Experientia, 44: 423-128.
• Fullard, J. H., and J. D. Dawson. 1997. The echolocation calls of the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum, are relatively indaudible to moths. Journal of Experimental Biology, 200: 129-137.
• Fullard, J. H., and D. W. Thomas. 1981. Detection of certain African insectivorous bats by sympatric tympanate moths. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 143: 363-368.
• Jones, G. 1992. Bats vs moths: studies on the diets of rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats support the allotonic frequency hypothesis. Pp. 87-92, in Prague studies in mammalogy (I. Horáček and V. Vohralík, eds.). Charles University Press, Praha, xxi + 1-245.
• Jones, G. 1996. Does echolocation constrain the evolution of body size in bats? Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 69: 111-128.
• Miller, L. A. 1971. Physiological responses of green lacewings (Chrysopa, Neuroptera) to ultrasound. Journal of Insect Physiology, 17: 491-506.
• Miller, L. A., and E. G. McLeod. 1966. Ultrasonic sensitivity: a tympanal receptor in the green lacewing Chrysopa carnea. Science, 154: 891-893.
• Norberg, U. M., and J. M. V. Rayner. 1987. Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia; Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 316: 335-427.
• Novick, A. 1977. Acoustic orientation. Pp. 73-287, in Biology of bats, Vol. Ill (W. A. Wimsatt, ed.). Academic Press, New York, xvi + 1-651.
• O’Farrel, M. J., B. W. Miller, and W. L. Gannon. 1999. Qualitative identification of free-flying bats using the Anabat detector. Journal of Mammalogy, 80: 11-23.
• Pavey, C. R., and C. J. Burwell. 1998. Bat predation on eared moths: a test of the allotonic frequency hypothesis. Oikos, 81: 143-151.
• Pinhey, E. C. G. 1975. Moths of southern Africa. Cape Town. Tafelberg Publishers, Cape Town, 273 pp.
• Roeder, K. D. 1967. Nerve cells and insect behaviour. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 238 pp.
• Roeder, K. D. 1974. Acoustic sensory responses and possible bat-evasion tactics of certain moths. Pp. 71-78, in Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Zoology, Annual Meeting (M. D. B. Burt, ed.). University of New Brunswick Press, Fredericton, 199 pp.
• Rydell, J., G. Jones, and D. Waters. 1995. Echolocating bats and hearing moths: who are the winners? Oikos, 73: 419-424.
• Scholtz, C. H., and E. Holm. 1985. Insects of Southern Africa University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 501 pp.
• Surlykke, A. 1988. Interaction between echolocating bats and their prey. Pp. 551-566, in Interaction between echolocating bats and their prey (P. E. Nachtigall and P. W. B. Moore, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, xv + 862 pp.
• Taylor, P. 1999. Echolocation calls of twenty southern African bat species. South African Journal of Zoology, 33: 114-124.
• Whitaker, J. O., Jr. 1988. Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats. Pp. 171-189, in Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats (T. H. Kunz, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., xxii + 533.
• Woodsworth, G. C., G. P. Bell, and M. B. Fenton. 1981. Observations of the echolocation, feeding behaviour, and habitat use of Euderma maculatum (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in south central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59: 1099-1102.
• Yager, D. D., and R. R. Hoy. 1986. The cyclopean ear: a new sense for the praying mantis. Science, 231: 727-729.
• Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, xiv + 718 pp.

Uwagi

rekord w opracowaniu