Picrorhiza kurrooa: current status and tissue culture mediated biotechnological interventions

• Autorzy: Rawat B. , Rawat J. M. , Mishra S. , Mishra S. N.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Picrorhiza kurrooa, one of the important plant species among the various medicinal plants, is endemic to Himalaya. As the plant is useful in the treatment of various diseases, e.g., hepatic disorders, gastric troubles, anemia, asthma, etc., illegal collection from the wild is increasing and now this plant is banned for export in any form and listed as ‘endangered’. Ecological studies carried out on this species in last few decades suggested that the availability of this species in its specific habitats is comparatively lower than other associate species. Possible factors responsible for this depletion are increasing demand in the pharmaceutical industries, habitat specificity, heavy exploitation from the wild, unorganized cultivation practices etc. Biotechnology is playing a crucial role to conserve this important plant species. The past 23 years have witnessed a progressive biotechnological advances made in P. kurrooa. People have published various reports on establishments of in vitro culture techniques including micropropagation, synthetic seed production, plant regeneration via callus-mediated shoot organogenesis, adventitious shoot regeneration, genetic transformation through Agrobacterium rhizogenes, secondary metabolite analysis etc. This review attempts to focus on present ecological status and provide a comprehensive account on the tissue culture-mediated biotechnological interventions made in P. kurrooa for improvement and conservation of this medicinally important plant.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 35
• Numer: 01
• Opis fizyczny: p.1-12,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Rawat B.

• G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643, Uttarakhand, India
• Society for the Conservation of Nature, Anantpur University Road, Rewa 486002, Madhya Pradesh, India

autor

Rawat J. M.

• G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643, Uttarakhand, India
• Society for the Conservation of Nature, Anantpur University Road, Rewa 486002, Madhya Pradesh, India

autor

Mishra S.

• Society for the Conservation of Nature, Anantpur University Road, Rewa 486002, Madhya Pradesh, India

autor

Mishra S. N.

• Society for the Conservation of Nature, Anantpur University Road, Rewa 486002, Madhya Pradesh, India

Bibliografia

• Anonymous (2003) Conservation Assessment and Management Prioritization for the Medicinal Plants of Jammu-Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal. Bangalore: Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions
• Ansari RA, Aswal BS, Chander R (1988) Hepatoprotective activity of kutkin—the iridoid glycoside mixture of Picrorhiza kurrooa. Ind J Med Res 87:401–404
• Aronen TS, Krajnakova J, Haggman HM, Ryynanen LA (1999) Genetic fidelity of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures of openpollinated Abis cephalonica. Plant Sci 142:163–172
• Arya SC (2002) Assessment of habitat diversity, distribution of vegetation and human dependence in alpine meadows of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, West Himalaya. PhD Thesis, Kumaon University, Nainital
• Bantawa P, Maitra S, Ghosh SK, Ghosh PD, Mondal TK (2009) Status and conservation threats of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell. (Scrophulariaceae): an endangered high valued medicinal plant of Indo-China Himalayan region. Bioremediat Biodivers Bioavailab 15:15–22
• Bantawa P, Saha-Roy O, Ghosh SK, Mondal TK (2011) In vitro regeneration of an endangered medicinal plant Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Biol Plant 55(1):169–172
• Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Saker MM, Solliman ME (2007) Application of cryopreservation technique for in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultures. J Appl Sci Res 3:853–866
• Bentham G (1835) Scrophularineae Indicae. James Ridgway and Sons, London, p 47
• Bhojwani SS, Razdan MK (1996) Plant tissue culture: theory and practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 501–504
• Chandra B, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2004) Micropropagation of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth., an endangered alpine herb, using cotyledonary node and shoot tip explants. Phytomorphology 54(3&4):303–316
• Chandra B, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2006) Propagation and conservation of P. kurrooa Royle ex Benth.: an endangered Himalayan medicinal herb of high commercial value. Biodiver Conserv 15:2325–2328
• Coventry BO (1927) Wild flowers of Kashmir, vol 2. Reprint 1984, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, pl. XLV, pp 89–90
• CUTS (2004) Database on medicinal plants, CUTS Centre for International Trade, Economics and Environment, Calcutta, India, pp 1–45
• Dhar U, Rawal RS, Upreti J (2000) Setting priorities for conservation of medicinal plants: a case study in the Indian Himalaya. Biol Conserv 95:57–65
• Dhawan BN (1995) Picroliv: a new hepatoprotective agent from an Indian medicinal plant, Picrorhiza kurrooa. Med Chem Res 5:595–605
• Dwivedi AK, Chaudry M, Seth RK, Sarin JPS (1989) Simultaneous microdetermination of picroside I and kutkoside in Picroliv (kutkin) by high performance liquid chromatography. Ind J Pharm Sci 50:274–275
• Georgiev MI, Pavlov AI, Bley T (2007) Hairy root type plant in vitro system as source of bioactive substances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:1175–1185
• Greuter W, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Chaloner WG, Demoulin V, Hawksworth DL, Jørgensen PM, Nicolson DH, Silva PC, Trehane P, McNeill J (1994) International code of botanical nomenclature (Tokyo code), adopted by the fifteenth international botanical congress, Yokohama, August–September 1993. Koeltz Scientific Books, Ko¨nigstein, pp 52–53
• Guillon S, Tremouillaux-Guiller J, Pati PK, Rideau M, Gantet P (2006a) Harnessing the potential of hairy roots: dawn of a new era. Trends Biotechnol 24:403–409
• Guillon S, Tremouillaux-Guiller J, Pati PK, Rideau M, Gantet P (2006b) Hairy root research: recent scenario and exciting prospects. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9:341–346
• Hirai D, Sakai A (2000) Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown meristems of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by encapsulation vitrification. In: Engelmann F, Takagi H (eds) Cryopreservation of tropical plant germplasm, current research progress and application. JIRCAS-IPGRI, Rome, pp 205–211
• Hooker JD (1885) The flora of British India, vol 4. Reprint 1990. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, p 29
• Hu Z, Du M (2006) Hairy roots and its application in plant genetic engineering. J Integr Plant Biol 48:121–127
• Hussain A (1984) Conservation of genetic resources of medicinal plants in India. In: Jain SK (ed) Conservation of tropical plant resources. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, pp 110–117
• Jacobson GL, Jacobson HA, Winne JC (1991) Conservation of rare plant habitat: insights from the recent history of vegetation and fire at Crystal Fen, northern Maine, USA. Biol Conserv 57:287–314
• Jan A, Thomas G, Shawl AS, Jabeen N, Kozgar MI (2010) Improved micropropagation protocol of an endangered medicinal plant-Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. promptly through auxin treatments. Chiang Mai J Sci 37(2):304–313
• Joshi HC (2002) Assessment of Habitat diversity, forest vegetation and human dependence in buffer zone ofNandaDevi BiosphereReserve of West Himalaya. PhD thesis, Kumaon University, Nainital
• Joy KL, Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan R (2000) Effect of Picrorhiza kurrooa extract on transplanted tumors and chemical carcinogenesis in mice. J Ethanopharmacol 71:261–266
• Kala CP (2005) Indigenous uses, population density, and conservation of threatened medicinal plants in protected areas of the Indian Himalayas. Conserv Biol 19:368–378
• KalaCP, FarooqueeNA,DharU(2004) Prioritization ofmedicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers Conserv 13:453–469
• Kala CP, Rawat GS, Uniyal VK (1998) Ecology and conservation of the Valley of Flower National Park. Garhwal Himalaya, WII, Dehradun
• Kala CP, Dhyani PP, Sajwan BS (2006) Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: challenges and opportunities. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:32. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-32
• Kaye TN (1997) Seed dormancy in high elevation plants. In: Kaye TN, Liston A, Love RM, Luoma DL, Meinke RJ, Wilson MV (eds) Conservation and management of native plants and fungi. Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis, pp 115–120
• Kim YJ, Wyslouzil B, Weathers PJ (2002) Secondary metabolism of hairy root cultures in bioreactors. In Vitro Dev Biol Plant 38:1–10
• Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1984) Indian medicinal plants, Vol. III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp 1824–1826
• Lal N, Ahuja PS (1995) Establishment of medium-term tissue cultures of Picrorhiza kurrooa and Rheum emodi. Plant Tissue Cult 5(2):147–152
• Lal N, Ahuja PS (1996) Plantlet regeneration from callus in Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.—an endangered medicinal plant. Plant Tissue Cult 6(2):127–134
• Lal N, Ahuja PS, Kukreja AK, Pandey B (1988) Clonal propagation of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. by shoot tip culture. Plant Cell Rep 7:201–205
• Maikhuri RK, Nautiyal S, Rao KS, Saxena KG (1998) Medicinal plants cultivation and biosphere reserve management: a case study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Himalaya Curr Sci 74:157–163
• Malik AR, Siddique MAA, Sofi PA, Butola JS (2011) Ethnomedicinal practices and conservation status of medicinal plants of North Kashmir Himalayas. Res J Med Plant 5:515–530
• Mishra J, Singh M, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2011a) Assessment of genetic fidelity of encapsulated microshoots of Picrorhiza kurrooa. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 104:181–186. doi:10.1007/s11240-010-9816-3
• Mishra J, Bhandari H, Singh M, Rawat S, Agnihotri RK, Mishra S, Purohit S (2011b) Hairy root culture of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.: a promising approach for the production of picrotin and picrotoxinin. Acta Physiol Plant 33(5):1841–1846. doi:10.1007/s11738-011-0724-x
• Mohapatra SS, GreshoffPM(1982) Ecotypic variation of in vitro plantlet from white clover (Trifolium repens). Plant Cell Rep 1:189–192
• Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
• Nadeem M, Palni LMS, Purohit AN, Pandey H, Nandi SK (2000) Propagation and conservation of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle: an important medicinal herb. Biol Conserv 92:121–129
• Nag DR (2011) Socio-economic aspects of medicinal plant cultivation in hill eco-system (WWW page), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. http://hillargic.ernet.in/edu/covas/vpharma/winter/20sch00l/programme.htm
• Nautiyal MC (1988) Germination studies on some high altitude medicinal plant species. In: Proceedings of Indigenous Medicinal Plant Symposium, Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, pp 107–112
• Nautiyal BP, Prakash V, Chauhan RS, Purohit H, Nautiyal MC (2001) Assessment of germinability, productivity and cost benefit analysis of Picrorhiza kurrooa cultivated at lower altitudes. Curr Sci 81(5):579–585
• Nautiyal BP, Prakash V, Bahuguna R, Maithani UC, Rajashekran C, Bisht H, Nautiyal MC (2002) Population study for monitoring the status of rarity of three aconite species in Garhwal Himalaya. Tropical Ecol 43:297–303
• Nautiyal BP, Chauhan RC, Prakash V, Purohit H, Nautiyal MC (2003) Population studies for the evaluation of germplasm and threat status of the alpine medicinal herb Nardostachys jatamansi. Plant Gen Resour Newsl 136:34–39
• Nayar MP, Sastry ARK (1987) Red data book of Indian plants, vol I. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah
• Nyende AB, Schittenhelm S, Wagner GM, Greef JM (2003) Production, storability and regeneration of shoot tip of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) encapsulated in calcium alginate hollow beads. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39:540–544
• Pandey H, Nandi SK, Nadeem M, Palni LMS (2000) Chemical stimulation of seed germination in Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. and A. balfourii Stapf.: important Himalayan species of medicinal value. Seed Sci Technol 28:39–48
• Pennell FW (1943) The Scrophulariaceae of the Western Himalayas.
• Reprint 1997, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, pp 63–66
• Puri A, Saxena RP, Sumati Guru PY, Kulshreshtha DK, Saxena KC, Dhawan BN (1992) Immunostimulant activity of Picroliv, the iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurrooa, and its protective action against Leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. Planta Med 58:528–532
• Purohit AN (1997) Medicinal Plants—need for upgrading technology for trading the tradition. In: Nautiyal AR, Nautiyal MC, Purohit AN (eds) Harvesting herbs-2000: medicinal and aromatic plants and action plan for Uttarakhand. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp 49–75
• Rai LK, Prasad P, Sharma E (2000) Conservation threats to some important medicinal plants of Sikkim Himalaya. Biol Conserv 93(1):27–33
• Rao KS, Nautiyal S, Maikhuri RK, Saxena KG (2000) Reserve management vs. people inNanda Devi BiosphereReserve (NDBR), India: an analysis of conflicts. Mountain Res Dev 20:320–323
• Ravishankar GA, Venkatraman LV (1997) Biotechnological applications of plant tissue culture and cell culture. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi 440
• Royle JF (1835–1940a) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan mountains, and of the flora of Kashmere. Volume plates. Reprint 1970, Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, p 71
• Royle JF (1835–1940b) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan mountains, and of the flora of Kashmir. Volume text. Reprint 1970, Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, p 291
• Samant SS, Dhar U, Palni LMS (1998) Medicinal plants of Indian Himalaya: Diversity, distribution and potential value. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital 163
• Semwal DP, Saradhi PP, Nautiyal BP, Bhatt AB (2007) Current status, distribution and conservation of rare and endangered medicinal plants of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Himalayas. India Curr Sci 92(12):1733–1738
• Sharma N, Sharma B (2003) Cryopreservation of shoot tips of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth., an indigenous endangered medicinal plant through vitrification. Cryo Lett 24:181–190
• Sharma RK, Sharma S, Sharma SS (2006) Seed germination behavior of some medicinal plants of Lahaul and Spiti cold desert (Himachal Pradesh): implication for conservation and cultivation. Curr Sci 90:1113–1118
• Sheldon JW, Balick MJ, Laird SA (1997) Medicinal plants: can utilization and conservation coexist? Advances in economic botany. Econ Bot 12:101–104
• Sheldon JW, Balick M, Laird S (1998) Is using medicinal plants compatible with conservation? Plant Talk 13:29–31
• Singh B, Rastogi RP (1972) Chemical examination of Picrorhiza kurrooa Benth. Part VI. Reinvestigation of kutkin. Indian J Chem 10:29–31
• Singh KN, Gopichandand AK, Lal B (2007) Species diversity and population status of threatened plants in different landscape elements of the Rohtang pass, Western Himalaya. J Mountain Sci 5:73–83
• Smit HF (2000) Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, from traditional use to immunomodulatory activity. http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/1920768/c2.pdf
• Son BG, Choi YW, Ahn CK, Cho D, Kang J (1999) Effect of maturity, storage and growth regulators treatment on the seed germination and longevity of Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. J Korean Soc Horticult Sci 40(1):129–133
• Sood H, Chauhan RS (2009a) Development of a lowcost micropropagation technology for an endangered medicinal herb (Picrorhiza kurrooa) of North-Western Himalayas. J Plant Sci 4(2): 21–31
• Sood H, Chauhan RS (2009b) High frequency callus induction and plantlet regeneration from different explants of Picrorhiza kurrooa—a medicinal herb of Himalayas. Afr J Biotechnol 8(9):1965–1972
• Srivastava N, Sharma V, Kamal B, Jadon VS (2010) Aconitum: need for sustainable exploitation (with special reference to Uttarakhand). Int J Green Pharm 4(4):220–228
• Stafleu FA, Cowan RS (1983) Taxonomic literature, a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, vol 4. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema, Utrecht, pp 962–963
• Thakur RS, Puri HS, Hussain A (1989) Major medicinal plants of India. CIMAP, Lucknow, pp 404–407
• Trivedi P, Pandey A (2007) Biological hardening of micropropagated Picrorhiza kurrooa Royel ex Benth., an endangered species of medical importance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:877–878
• Uniyal SK, Awasthi A, Rawat GS (2000) Current status and distribution of commercially exploited medicinal and aromatic plants in upper Gori Valley, Kumaon Himalaya. Curr Sci 82:1246–1252
• Upadhyay R, Arumugam N, Bhojwani SS (1989) In vitro propagation of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.—an endangered species of medicinal importance. Phytomorphology 39(2,3):235–242
• Ved DK, Kinhal GA, Ravikumar K, Prabhakaran V, Ghate U, Sankar RV, Indresha JH (2003) Conservation assessment and management prioritisation for the medicinal plants of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttaranchal. Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, India
• Verma PC, Rahman L, Negi AS, Jain DC, Khanuja SPS, Banerjee S (2007) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.: establishment and selection of superior hairy root clone. Plant Biotechnol Rep 1:169–174

Uwagi

rekord w opracowaniu