Life strategies of Viviparidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Architaenioglossa) in various aquatic habitats: Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) and V. contectus (Millet, 1813)

• Autorzy: Jakubik B.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Viviparidae display two categories of life history traits - one constant and independent of habitat, another depending on ecological conditions. The relatively constant abundance is ensured by clustering in the same places at the same time, sex ratio (prevalence of females), size structure (presence of all size classes, with the largest snails forming the majority), and the high proportion of gravid females in the population. These traits undergo only seasonal variation in particular habitats. Adjustment to environmental changes involves the number of embryos per female and the size of reproducing females. Long-term life history studies were performed on Viviparus viviparus (L.) and V. contectus (Mill.) from various habitats (dam reservoir, river, oxbows connected to the river to varied extent) in Poland. The habitats differed in their surface area, depth and trophic status. The snails from the dam reservoir, ecotone zones in the river and stagnant oxbow lakes reproduced at a large body size, their fecundity being size-dependent. In very variable habitats, like oxbow lakes periodically joined to the river, viviparids reproduced at a younger age and smaller body size, while their fecundity did not increase with the body size. The reproduction was the most important factor determining the viviparid density in the studied habitats. This was mainly associated with the ovoviviparity which allowed for controlling the reproduction process. Reproduction is a flexible life history trait in the populations of V. viviparus and V. contectus.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Malacologica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 20
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.145-179,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Jakubik B.

• Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, B.Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland

Bibliografia

• ALAKRINSKAYA I. O. 1969. Morphological adaptations to viviparity in Viviparus viviparus (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Zool. Zh. 48: 1608–1612.
• ALDRIDGE D. W. 1982. Reproductive tactics in relation to life-cycle bioenergetics in three natural populations of the freshwater snail, Leptoxis carinata. Ecology 63: 196–208. doi: 10.2307/1937044
• ALEXANDROWICZ S. W. 1999. Litoralne odsypy muszlowe jeziora Gardno. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą 55: 81–92.
• BERTMAN M., WOJCIECHOWSKA K. 1974. Fauna cerkarii i ślimaków słodkowodnych zbiorników wodnych Wrocławia i okolic. Przegl. Zool. 18: 354–359.
• BROWN K. M. 1985a. Mechanisms of life history adaptation in the temporary pond snail Lymnaea elodes (Say). Amer.Malac. Bull. 3: 143–150.
• BROWN K. M. 1985b. Intraspecific life history variation in a pond snail: the population divergence and phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 29: 387–395. doi: 10.2307/2408371
• BROWN K. M., LEATHERS B. K., MINCHELLA D. J. 1988.Trematode prevalence and population dynamics of freshwater pond snails. Am. Midl. Nat. 120: 289–301. doi: 10.2307/2426001
• BROWNE R. A. 1978. Growth, mortality, fecundity, biomass and productivity of four lake populations of the prosobranch snail, Viviparus georgianus. Ecology 59:742–750. doi: 10.2307/1938778
• BROWNE R. A., RUSSELL-HUNTER W. D. 1978. Reproductive effort in molluscs. Oecologia 37: 23–27. doi: 10.1007/BF00349988
• BUCKLEY D. E. 1986. Bioenergetics of age-related versus size-related reproductive tactics in female Viviparus georgianus. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 27: 293–309. doi: 10.1111/j. 1095-8312.1986.tb01739.x
• CALOW P. 1978. The evolution of life-cycle strategies in freshwater gastropods. Malacologia 17: 351–364.
• CAQUET T. 1993. Comparative life-cycle, biomass and secondary production of three sympatric freshwater gastropod species. J. Moll. Stud. 59: 43–50. doi: 10.1093/ mollus/59.1.43
• CHAMBERS P. A., PREPAS E. E. 1990. Competition and coexistence in submerged aquatic plant communities: the effects of species interactions versus abiotic factors. Freshwater Biology 23: 541–550. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1990.tb00293.x
• CLARKE S. J., WHARTON G. 2001. Sediment nutrient characteristics and aquatic macrophytes in lowland English rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 266: 103–112. doi: 10.1016/ S0048-9697(00)00754-3
• COLE L. C. 1954. The population consequences of life history phenomena. Q. Rev. Biol. 29: 103–137. doi: 10.10 86/400074
• CZARNO£ÊSKI M., KOZ£OWSKI J. 1998. Do Bertalanffy’s growth curves result from optimal resource allocation? Ecol. Lett. 1: 5–7. doi: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.1998.0007b.x
• CZARNOŁĘSKI M., KOZŁOWSKI J., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A.,LEWANDOWSKI K. 2003. Optimal resource allocation explains growth curve diversity in zebra mussels. Evol. Ecol. Res. 5: 571–587.
• CZARNOŁĘSKI M., KOZŁOWSKI J., LEWANDOWSKI K.,MIKOŁAJCZYK M., MÜLLER T., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 2005.Optimal resource allocation explains changes in the zebra mussel growth pattern through time. Evol. Ecol.Res. 7: 821–835.
• DE BERNARDI R., OREGIONI B., RAVERA K. W. 1976a. The demographic structure of Gastropod molluscs in Lake Alserio (Northern Italy). J. Moll. Stud. 42: 305–309.
• DE BERNARDI R., RAVERA K. W., OREGIONI B. 1976b. Demographic structure and biometric characteristics of Viviparus ater Cristofori and Jan (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) from Lake Alserio (Northern Italy). J. Moll. Stud. 42: 310–318.
• DILLON R. T. 2000. The ecology of freshwater molluscs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. doi: 10.1017/CB O9780511542008
• DROZDOWSKI A. 1979. Rozmieszczenie ślimaków wodnych na obszarze województwa bydgoskiego, toruńskiego i włocławskiego. Stud. Soc. Sci. Torunensis, Sec. E. 10, 3: 3–30.
• DUSOGE K. 1989. Distribution and structure of benthos in lowland Zegrzyński Reservoir. Ekol. Pol. 37: 281–298.
• DUSOGE K., LEWANDOWSKI K., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1999. Benthos of various habitats in the Zegrzyñski Reservoir (central Poland). Acta Hydrobiol. 46: 303–316.
• ELEUTHERIADIS N., LAZARIDOU-DIMITRIADOU M. 1995. The life cycle, population dynamics, growth and secondary production of the snail Viviparus contectus (Millet) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) in the marshes of the river Strymonas (Serres, Macedonia, Northern Greece).Malacologia 37: 41–52.
• ELEUTHERIADIS N., LAZARIDOU-DIMITRIADOU M. 2001. The life cycle, population dynamics, growth and secondary production of Bithynia graeca (Westerlund, 1879) (Gastropoda) in Lake Kerkini, Northern Greece. J. Moll.Stud. 67: 319–328. doi: 10.1093/mollus/67.3.319
• EVERSOLE A. G. 1974. Fecundity in the snail Helisoma trivolvis:experimental, bioenergetic and field studies. Ph. D. Thesis,Syracuse University. Dissertation abstracts 35: 5716–5717-B, Order no. 75–10, 538, 150 pp.
• EVERSOLE A. G. 1978. Life cycles, growth and population bioenergetics in the snail Helisoma trivolvis (Say). J. Moll.Stud. 44: 209–222.
• FALKNER G., BANK R. A., PROSCHWITZ T. VON 2001. Check-list of the non-marine molluscan species-group taxa of the states of northern, Atlantic and central Europe. Heldia 4: 1–76.
• FALKOWSKI E. 1995. Mapa morfo- i litogenetyczna brzegów Zbiornika Zegrzyńskiego z oceną kierunku przepływu wód gruntowych dla przewidywanych stref ochronnych “Ujęcia Północnego” dla m. st. Warszawy. Zakład Badań Geologicznych, Warszawa.
• FALNIOWSKI A. 1989a. Przodoskrzelne (Prosobranchia) Polski.I. Neritidae, Viviparidae, Valvatidae, Bithyniidae,Rissoidae, Aciculidae [Prosobranch snails of Poland. I. Neritidae, Viviparidae, Valvatidae, Bithyniidae, Rissoidae,Aciculidae]. Zesz. nauk. Uniw. Jagiell. Prace Zool. 35:1–148.
• FALNIOWSKI A. 1989b. A critical review of some characters widely used in the systematics of higher taxa of freshwater prosobranchs (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), and a proposal of some new, ultrastructural ones. Folia Malacol. 3:73–94.
• FALNIOWSKI A. 2001. Drogi i bezdroża ewolucji mięczaków.Polska Akademia Umiejętności. Kraków.
• FALNIOWSKI A., FIAŁKOWSKI W., SZAROWSKA M., MAZAN K.1998. Shell biometry characters in species discrimination and classification within the genus Viviparus (Gastropoda:Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae). Malak. Abh. 19: 27–45.
• FALNIOWSKI A., KOZIK A., SZAROWSKA M., FIAŁKOWSKI W.,MAZAN K. 1996a. Allozyme and morphology evolution in European Viviparidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa).J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 34: 49–62. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1996.tb00810.x
• FALNIOWSKI A., MAZAN K., SZAROWSKA M. 1996b. Embryonic shells of Viviparus – what they may tell us about taxonomy and phylogeny? (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae). Malak. Abh. 18: 35–42.
• FALNIOWSKI A., MAZAN K., SZAROWSKA M. 1996c. Tracing the viviparid evolution: radular characters (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae). Malak. Abh. 18: 43–52.
• FALNIOWSKI A., MAZAN K., SZAROWSKA M., KOZIK A. 1997.Tracing the viviparid evolution: soft part morphology and opercular characters (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae). Malak. Abh. 18: 193–211.
• FRETTER V., GRAHAM A. 1978. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark; Part 3: Neritacea, Viviparacea,Valvatacea, terrestrial and fresh water Littorinacea and Rissoacea. J. Moll. Stud. Suppl. 5: 101–150.
• FROESE R., PAULY D. 2005. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org., version 10/2005.
• FRÖMMING E. 1956. Biologie der mitteleuropaischen Süsswasserschnecken. Duncan und Humblot, Berlin.
• GILBERT J. J., WILLIAMSON C. E. 1983. Sexual dimorphism in zooplankton (Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera). Ann.Rev. Ecol. Syst. 14: 1–33.
• GLAUBRECHT M. 2006. Independent evolution of reproductive modes in viviparous freshwater Cerithioidea (Gastropoda, Sorbeoconcha) – a brief review. Basteria 3: 23–28. 176 Beata Jakubik
• GRIGOROVICH I. A., MILLS E. L., RICHARDS C. B., BRENEMAN D., CIBOROWSKI J. H. 2005. European valve snail Valvata piscinalis (Müller) in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. J.Great Lakes Res. 31: 135–143. doi: 10.1016/S0380-1330 (05)70245-8
• HELLER J. 2001. Life history strategies. In: BARKER G. M.(ed.). The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing,Wallingford, pp. 413–445. doi: 10.1079/9780851 993188.0413
• HELLER J. 2008. Hermaphroditism in molluscs. Biol. J. Linn.Soc. 48: 19–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00874.x
• HERMANOWICZ W., DOJLIDO J., DOŻAŃSKA W., KOZIOROWSKI B., ZERBER J. 1999. Fizyczno-chemiczne badanie wody i ścieków. Arkady, Warszawa.
• HÖCKELMANN C., PUSCH M. 2000. The respiration and filter-feeding rates of the snail Viviparus viviparus (Gastropoda) under simulated stream conditions. Arch. Hydrobiol. 49: 553–568.
• HORST T., COSTA R. R. 1975. Seasonal migration and density patterns of the freshwater snail, Amnicola limosa. Nautilus 89: 56–59.
• HUBENDICK B. 1948. Über den Bau und das Wachstum der konzentrischen Operculartypus bei Gastropoden. Ark. Zool. 40A: 1–28.
• IVASUK J. S. 2005. Trematodes in dominant species of freshwater gastropods. Folia Malacol. 13: 122.
• JAKUBIK B. 2000. Comparative studies on reproductive behaviour of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) in downstream habitats of the Bug and Narew rivers. Acta Univ. Lodz., Folia Limnol. 7: 125–141.
• JAKUBIK B. 2003. Year-to-year stability of aggregations of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus 1758) in littoral zone of lowland, rheophilic reservoir (Central Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 51: 53–66.
• JAKUBIK B. 2006. Reproductive pattern of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus 1758) (Gastropoda, Viviparidae) from littoral aggregations in a through-flow reservoir (Central Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 54: 39–55.
• JAKUBIK B. 2007. Egg number-female body weight relationship in freshwater snail (Viviparus viviparus L.) population in a reservoir. Pol. J. Ecol. 55: 325–336.
• JAKUBIK B. 2009a. Food and feeding of Viviparus viviparus (L.) (Gastropoda) in dam reservoir and river habitats. Pol. J.Ecol. 57: 321–330.
• JAKUBIK B. 2009b. Reproduction of the freshwater snail Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) (Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae). Folia Malacol. 17: 223–230. doi: 10.2478/v10125-009-0019-7
• JAKUBIK B., AUGUSTYNIUK A. 2002. Reproduction of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the mid and lower sections of the Narew River. Folia Malacol. 10: 85–90.
• JAKUBIK B., KUFEL L., LEWANDOWSKI K. 2006. Macrobenthos differentiation among ox-bow lakes of the Bug within the Bug River Valley Landscape Park. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt.Środ. Przyr. 3: 55–59.
• JAKUBIK B., KUFEL L., LEWANDOWSKI K. 2007. Long term changes of malacofauna in a shallow lowland dam reservoir.Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. Środ. Przyr. 4: 64–69.
• JAKUBIK B., LEWANDOWSKI K. 2007. Size structure and age,mortality and fertility in Viviparus viviparus (L.). Folia Malacol. 15: 109–117.
• JAKUBIK B., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1996. Occurrence of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) in the Zegrzyński reservoir – analysis of the distribution and size structure of live snails, dead specimens and empty shells. Acta Univ. Lodz., Folia Limnol. 6: 19–31.
• JEŻEWSKI W. 2004. Occurrence of Digenea (Trematoda) in two Viviparus species from lakes, rivers and a dam reservoir.Helminthologia 41: 147–150.
• JOKELA J. 1997. Optimal energy allocation tactics and indeterminate growth: Life-history evolution of long-lived bivalves. In: STREIT B., STÄDLER T., LIVELY C. (eds). Evolutionary ecology of freshwater animals. Concepts and studies.Birkhäuser, Basel, pp. 179–196.
• JOKINEN E. H. 1982. Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) in North America, review and update. Nautilus 96: 89–95.
• JOKINEN E. H. 1985. Comparative life history patterns within a littoral zone snail community. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew.Limnol. Verh. 22: 3292–3299.
• JOKINEN E. H. 1992. The freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of New York State. The University of the State of New York, The State Education Department, The New York State Museum, Albany, New York.
• JURKIEWICZ-KARNKOWSKA E. 1986. Występowanie i rola mięczaków w wybranych rzekach i zbiornikach zaporowych Niziny Mazowieckiej. Ph. D. Thesis, Institute of Ecology, PAS, Dziekanów Leśny.
• JURKIEWICZ-KARNKOWSKA E. 1998. Long-term changes in mollusc communities in shallow biotopes of a lowland reservoir (Zegrzyński Reservoir, central Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 43–63.
• JURKIEWICZ-KARNKOWSKA E. 2004. Malacocoenoses of large lowland dam reservoirs of the Vistula River basin and selected aspects of their function. Folia Malacol. 12: 1–56.
• JURKIEWICZ-KARNKOWSKA E. 2006. Communities of aquatic molluscs in floodplain water bodies of lowland river (Bug river, east Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 54: 253–266.
• KAJAK Z. 1990. Zegrzyński Zbiornik zaporowy. Warunki środowiskowe. In: KAJAK Z. (ed.). Funkcjonowanie ekosystemów wodnych, ich ochrona i rekultywacja. I. Ekologia zbiorników zaporowych i rzek. SGGW-AR, Warszawa, pp.7–20.
• KAJAK Z. 1991. Limnology of lowland shallow impoundment near Warsaw, Poland. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 24:1344–1348.
• KAJAK Z., DUSOGE K. 1989. Temporal and spatial diversity of trophy-indicators in a lowland dam reservoir. Ekol. Pol. 37: 211–233.
• KAJAK Z., ŁAWACZ W. 1977. Comparison of tripton sedimentation in four small lakes. In: GOLTERMAN H. (ed.). Interactions between sedimentation and freshwaters. Junk Publ., The Hague, pp. 72–75.
• KELLER G., RIBI G. 1993. Fish predation and offspring survival in the prosobranch snail Viviparus ater. Oecologia (Berl.) 34: 493–500. doi: 10.1007/BF00328956
• KHMELEVA N. N., GOLUBEV A. P., LEWANDOWSKI K. 1995. Populations of Viviparus viviparus (Gastropoda,Prosobranchia) dynamics in water basins of Chernobyl
• APS zone and in Zeglinsky water reservoir (Poland). Gidrobiol. Zh. 31: 511–521.
• KIRKEGAARD J. 2006. Life history, growth and production of Theodoxus fluviatilis in Lake Esrom, Denmark. Limnologica 36: 26–41. doi: 10.1016/j.limno. 2005.11.002
• KOZŁOWSKI J. 1992. Optimal allocation of resources to growth and reproduction: Implications for age and size at maturity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 15–19. doi: 10.1016/ 0169-5347(92)90192-E
• KOZŁOWSKI J. 1996. Optimal allocation of resources explains interspecific patterns in animals with indeterminate growth. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263: 559–566. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1996.0084
• KOZŁOWSKI J. 1999. Adaptation: a life history perspective. Oikos 86: 185–194. doi: 10.2307/3546437
• KOZŁOWSKI J., CZARNOŁĘSKI M., DANKO M. 2004. Can optimal allocation models explain why ectotherms grow larger in cold? Integr. Comp. Biol. 44: 480–493. doi: 10.1093/icb/44.6.480
• KRASUTSKA N. 2006. The effect of temperature on the host-parasite system V. viviparus – Leucochloridiomorpha constantinae. Folia Malacol. 14: 90.
• LEE L. E., STASSEN J., MCDONALD A., CULSHAW C., VENOSA A.D., LEE K. 2002. Snails as biomonitors of oil-spill and bioremediation strategies. Bioremed. J. 6: 373–386. doi: 10.1080/10889860290777675
• LEVINA O. V. 1992. Molluscs of the Viviparidae family from the Dniepr basin. Gidrobiol. Zh. 28: 60–64.
• LEWANDOWSKI K. B. 1996. Występowanie Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) oraz małży z rodziny Unionidae w systemie rzeczno-jeziornym Krutyni (Pojezierze Mazurskie). Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu “Człowiek i Środowisko” 13: 173–185.
• LEWANDOWSKI K. 2001. Development of populations of Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) in lakes. Folia Malacol. 9:171–216.
• LEWANDOWSKI K. 2004. Monitoring mięczaków (Mollusca) wybranych jezior polskich. Biul. Monit. Przyr. 1: 10–14.
• LEWANDOWSKI K., GRACZYK T., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1989. The occurrence of Viviparus viviparus (L.) in the Zegrzyński Reservoir. Ekol. Pol. 37: 337–346.
• LEWANDOWSKI K., STOCZKOWSKI R., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1997. Distribution of Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) in lakes of the Jorka river watershed. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 4: 431–443.
• LIGÊZA S., SMAL H., PIETRUCZUK D. 2007. Nitrogen forms in bottom sediments of the dam reservoir Zalew Zemborzycki. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. Środ. Przyr. 4: 132–138.
• MIROSHNICHENKO A. 1958. Plodovitost presnovodnogo mollyuska Viviparus viviparus L. Zool. Zh. 37: 1635–1644.
• MOURITSEN K. N., JENSEN K. T. 1994. The enigma of gigantism: effect of larval trematodes on growth, fecundity, eggestion and locomotion in Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol. 181: 53–66. doi: 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90103-1
• NATURE PROTECTION 2000. Informacje i opracowania statystyczne GUS, Warszawa.
• NIKITINA E. N. 1986. Trematode larvae in snails of Lake Glubokoe. Hydrobiology 141: 139–141. doi: 10.1007/BF00007488
• NORTON C. G., BRONSON J. M. 2006. The relationship of body size and growth to egg production in the hermaphroditic freshwater snail, Helisoma trivolvis. J. Moll. Stud. 72: 143–147. doi: 10.1093/mollus/eyi057
• OLILA O. G., REDDY K. R. 1993. Phosphorus sorption characteristics of sediments in shallow eutrophic lakes of Florida. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1291: 45–65.
• OLSZEWSKI Z., MÓWIŃSKA G. 1985. Composition, particle size and organic matter content of the bottom sediments of man-made Lake Zegrzyńskie. Ekol. Pol. 33: 481–497.
• PIECHOCKI A. 1969. Miêczaki (Mollusca) rzeki Grabi i jej terenu zalewowego. Fragm. Faun. 15: 111–197.
• PIECHOCKI A. 1979. Mięczaki (Mollusca). Ślimaki (Gastropoda). Fauna Słodkowodna Polski 7. PWN, Warszawa–Poznañ.
• PLIŃSKI M., ŁAWACZ W., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A.,MAGNIN E. 1978. Etude quantitative et qualitative de la nourriture des Viviparus malleatus (Reeve) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) dans deux de la région de Montréal. Can. J. Zool. 56: 272–279.
• POJMAŃSKA T. 1971. First record of Leucochloridiomorpha lutea (Baer, 1927) in Poland and a critical review of representatives of genus Leucochloridiomorpha Gower, 1938 (Trematoda, Brachylaimidae). Acta Parasitol. Pol. 19:349–355.
• POJMAŃSKA T. 1972. Amblosoma exile g.n., sp.n. (Trematoda, Brachylaimidae. Leucochloridiomorphinae) – morphology of the adult metacercaria. Acta Parasitol. Pol. 20: 35–44.
• PORĘBSKI J. 2006. Tempo sedymentacji tryptonu w wybranych starorzeczach Bugu. Master’s thesis, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce.
• PROBST S., KUBE J. 1999. Histopathological effects of larval trematode infections in mud snails and their impact on host growth: What causes gigantism in Hydrobia ventrosa (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)? J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol.238: 49–68. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00002-7
• REPORT 2002. Report of the inspection for the environmental protection – Stan środowiska w województwie mazowieckim.Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska, Warszawa.
• REPORT 2008. Report of the inspection for the environmental protection – Stan środowiska w województwie mazowieckim.Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska, Warszawa.
• REYNOLDS C. S., CARLING P. A., BEVEN K. J. 1991. Flow in river channels: new insights into hydraulic retention. Arch. Hydrobiol. 121: 171–179.
• REZNICK D. N., BRYGA H., ENDLER J. A. 1990. Experimentally induced life history evolution in a natural population. Nature 346: 357–359. doi: 10.1038/346357a0
• RIBI G. 1999. Habitat segregation between the hybridizing snails Viviparus ater and V. contectus. Heldia 4: 39–43.
• RIBI G., GEBHARDT M. 1986. Age specific fecundity and size of offspring in the prosobranch snail, Viviparus ater.Oecologia (Berl.) 71: 18–24. doi: 10.1007/BF00377314
• RIEDEL A. 1954. Mięczaki okolic Kazimierza nad Wisłą.Fragm. Faun. 7: 147–185.
• RUSSELL-HUNTER W. D. 1961a. Annual variations in growth and density in natural populations of freshwater snails in the west of Scotland. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 136: 219–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06175.x
• RUSSELL-HUNTER W. D. 1961b. Life cycles of four freshwater snails in limited populations in Loch Lomond, with a discussion of intraspecific variation. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 137: 135–171. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961. tb06166.x
• SAMOCHWALENKO T., STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1972. Fertility differentiation of two species of Viviparidae (Viviparus fasciatus Müll. and Viviparus viviparus L.) in some environments. Ekol. Pol. 20: 479–492.
• SKOOG G. 1971. Variation in the distribution of Theodoxus fluviatilis on stony localities in the northern Baltic proper. Thalassia Yugoslavia 7: 363–372.
• SNYDER S. D., ESCH G. W. 1993. Trematode community structure in the pulmonate snail Physa gurina. J. Parasitol. 79:205–215. doi: 10.2307/3283509
• SOLÓRZANO L. 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenylhypochlorite method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 799–800. doi: 10.4319/lo.1969.14.5.0799
• SORENSEN R. E., MINCHELLA D. J. 2001. Snail-trematode life history interactions: past trends and future directions. Parasitology 123: 3–18. doi: 10.1017/S0031182001 007843
• STANDARD METHODS 1999. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. Am. Publ. Health Assoc.Inc., New York.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1959. Rozmieszczenie i dynamika liczebności żyworódki paskowanej Viviparus fasciatus Müll. na terenie łachy Konfederatka. Ekol. Pol. B 5: 55–60.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1960a. Obserwacje nad skupieniami Viviparus fasciatus Müll. na terenie łachy wiślanej Konfederatka. Ekol. Pol. A 8: 21–48.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A. 1960b. Rozmieszczenie i dynamika liczebności mięczaków dennych na łasze wiślanej pod Wyszogrodem. Ekol. Pol. A 8: 155–168.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A., LEWANDOWSKI K. 1995. Individual growth of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) in Mikołajskie Lake; estimates in situ. Ekol. Pol. 43: 267–276.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A., MAGNIN E., DUMOUCHEL A. 1971. Etude de trois populations de Viviparus malleatus (Reeve) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) de la région de Montréal. I. Croissance, fécondité, biomasse et production annuelle. Can. J. Zool. 49: 491–497.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A., PLIŃSKI M., MAGNIN E. 1972. Etude de trois populations de Viviparus malleatus (Reeve) (Gastropoda,Prosobranchia) de la région de Montréal. II. Etude qualitative et quantitative de la nourriture. Can. J. Zool.50: 1617–1624.
• STAŃCZYKOWSKA A., ZYSKA P., DOMBROWSKI A., KOT H., ZYSKA E. 1990. The distribution of waterfowl in relation to mollusc populations in the man-made Lake Zegrzyński.Hydrobiologia 191: 233–240.
• STEARNS S. C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• STRZAŁEK M. 2006. Funkcje osoki aloesowej (Stratiotes aloides L.) w ekosystemie starorzecza Bugu. Ph. D. Thesis. Akademia Podlaska, Siedlce.
• STRZELEC M. 1993. Snails (Gastropoda) of anthropogenic water environments in Silesian Upland. Uniwersytet Śląski,Katowice.
• TAKI A. 1981. The fecundity of a mud snail, Cipangopaludina japonica. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21: 1637–1639.
• TOMPA A. E. 1979. Oviparity, egg retention and ovoviviparity in pulmonates. J. Moll. Stud. 45: 155–160
• VAIL V. A. 1978. Seasonal reproductive patterns in 3 viviparid gastropods. Malacologia 17: 7–98.
• VELECKÁ I., ANDRES J., JÜTTNER L. 1998. Mathematical modelling of population dynamics of freshwater mollusc Bithynia tentaculata (Linné, 1758) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. Rer. Nat. Biologica 36: 83–100.
• VELECKÁ I., JÜTTNER L. 2000. Application of McKendrick–von Foerster’s model of population dynamics to freshwater snails: specification of the model using laboratory experiments. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. Rer.Nat. Biologica 38: 85–95.
• VINCENT B., VAILLANCOURT G., HARVEY M. 1981. Cycle de développement, croissance, effectifs, biomasse et production de Bithynia tentaculata L. (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) dans le Saint-Laurent (Québec). Can. J.Zool. 59: 1237–1250. doi: 10.1139/z81-176
• WEINER J. 1999. Życie i ewolucja biosfery. PWN, Warszawa.
• WIKTOR A. 2004. Ślimaki lądowe Polski. Mantis, Olsztyn.
• WILLIAMS G. C. 1975. Sex and evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
• WIŚNIEWSKIW. L. 1958. Characterization of the parasitofauna of an eutrophic lake. Acta Parasitol. Pol. 6: 1–64.
• WOJTKOWSKA M. 1997. Migracja i akumulacja metali ciężkich w wodach Jeziora Zegrzyńskiego. Ph. D. Thesis, Warsaw Technical University.
• ZETTLER M. L. 1996. The aquatic malacofauna (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) in the catchment area of a North German lowland river, the Warnow. Limnologia 26: 327–337.
• ZHADIN V. 1928. Issledovaniya po ekologii i izmenchivosti Vivipara fasciata Müll. Monogr. Volz. Biol. St. 3: 1–94.
• ZHADIN V. 1940. Fauna riek i wodochranilishch. Tr. Zool. Inst.5: 1–374.
• ZHADIN V. 1952. Mollyuski presnykh i solonovatykh vod SSSR.Izd. AN SSSR. Moskva, Leningrad.
• ZHOKHOV A. E. 1993. Age structure and seasonal dynamics of invasion of a pond snail, Viviparus viviparus, population with parthenitas of trematodes. Zool. Zh. 72: 17–25.
• ŻBIKOWSKA E. 2006. Interakcje w układzie żywiciel – pasożyt między błotniarkami Lymnaea stagnalis i przywrami z gatunków: Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Echinoparyphium aconiatum, Plagiorchis elegans. Wyd. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń.

Uwagi

PL

Rekord w opracowaniu