Investigation of kidney function changes in sea salt workers during harvest season in Thailand

• Autorzy: Luangwilai T. , Robson M.G. , Siriwong W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. Occupational factors have previously been mentioned as contributing to decreased kidney function and the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause. Sea salt workers are one of the occupations facing high outdoor temperatures and a highly, intensive workload. Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the kidney function of sea salt workers at the beginning of the harvest season differs from kidney function at the end of the harvest season and to identify factors that can predict the change of kidney function. Material and methods. Data were collected from salt workers (n=50) who were between 18–60 years of age without hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand. Urine specific gravity (USG) was used for hydration status and the estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR) was used to measure kidney function. The mixed model was used to find differences over the harvest season and prediction of factors. Results. On average, the eGFR was estimated to decrease by 15.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 over the harvest season. The decline in eGFR of sea salt workers with moderate and heavy workloads were significantly faster than their light workload counterparts after controlling for other covariates. Similarly, dehydration (USG ≥ 1.030) significantly accelerated the rate of kidney function loss. Conclusions. Our study confirmed exposure to heat over the harvest season leads to decreased eGFR in sea salt workers. The rate of change of eGFR could be predicted by workload and hydration status. Workers with dehydration who performed medium to heavy workloads in farms showed faster kidney function decline than those who performed light workload.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Thailand; sea salt; salt worker; worker health; health hazard; exposure risk; dehydration; kidney function; kidney disease; urine specific gravity; glomerular filtration rate; body hydration; health risk; work safety; health safety

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 73
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.121-130,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Luangwilai T.

• College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
• Center for Risk Analysis and Health Surveillance, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

autor

Robson M.G.

• School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

autor

Siriwong W.

• College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
• Center for Risk Analysis and Health Surveillance, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

Bibliografia

• 1. Lozano R., et al.: Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 2012;380(9859):2095-2128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
• 2. Martín-Cleary C., Ortiz A.: CKD hotspots around the world: where, why and what the lessons are. A CKJ review series. Clinical kidney journal, 2014;7(6):519-523.
• 3. Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, Saran R, Wang AY, Yang CW. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 2013 Jul 20;382(9888):260-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60687-X.
• 4. Trabanino RG, Aguilar R, Silva CR, Mercado MO, Merino RL.: End-stage renal disease among patients in a referral hospital in El Salvador. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2002;12(3):202-6. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892002000900009.
• 5. Wijkström, J.,Leiva R., Elinder KG, Leiva S., Trujillo L., Trujillo Z., Söderberg M., Kjell Hultenby K., Wernerson A.: Clinical and pathological characterization of Mesoamerican nephropathy: a new kidney disease in Central America. Am J Kidney Dis., 2013;62(5):908-918. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.05.019
• 6. Sorensen, C.J., Butler-Dawson J, Dally M, et al.: Risk factors and mechanisms underlying cross-shift decline in kidney function in Guatemalan sugarcane workers. J Occup Environ Med, 2019;61(3):239-250. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001529
• 7. Flatharta, T.Ó., Flynn A., Mulkerrin EC.: Heat-related chronic kidney disease mortality in the young and old: differing mechanisms, potentially similar solutions? BMJ evidence-based medicine, 2019;24(2): 45-47.
• 8. Strippoli, G.F., Craig J.C., Rochtchina E., Flood VM., Wang J.J., Mitchell P.: Fluid and nutrient intake and risk of chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton), 2011;16(3):326-34, doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01415.x
• 9. Jayasekara KB, Kulasooriya PN, Wijayasiri KN, Rajapakse ED, Dulshika DS, Bandara P, Fried LF, De Silva A, Albert SM.: Relevance of heat stress and dehydration to chronic kidney disease (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Prev Med Rep. 2019 Jun 22;15:100928. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100928
• 10. Johnson, R.J., et al.: Fructose increases risk for kidney stones: potential role in metabolic syndrome and heat stress. BMC Nephrology, 2018;19(1):315. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-1105-0.
• 11. Johnson, R.J., Wesseling C., Newman L.S.: Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. New Eng J Med, 2019;380(19):1843-1852.
• 12. Glaser J., Lemery J, Rajagopalan B, Diaz HF, García-Trabanino R, Taduri G, Madero M, Amarasinghe M, Abraham G, Anutrakulchai S, Jha V, Stenvinkel P, Roncal-Jimenez C, Lanaspa MA, Correa-Rotter R, Sheikh-Hamad D, Burdmann EA, Andres-Hernando A, Milagres T, Weiss I, Kanbay M, Wesseling C, Sánchez- Lozada LG, Johnson RJ.: Climate change and the emergent epidemic of CKD from heat stress in rural communities: the case for heat stress nephropathy. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2016;11(8):1472-1483, doi: 10.2215/CJN.13841215.
• 13. Wesseling C, Aragón A, González M, et al.: Kidney function in sugarcane cutters in Nicaragua-A longitudinal study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res. 2016 May;147:125-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.002.
• 14. Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, Weiner DE, Kaufman JS, Ramírez-Rubio O, Riefkohl A, Scammell MK, López-Pilarte D, Sánchez JM, Parikh CR, McClean MD.: Changes in kidney function among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2015;21(3):241-50. doi: 10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000102.
• 15. Langkulsen U., V.-V.N., Taptagaporn S.: Health impact of climate change on occupational health and productivity in Thailand. Glob Health Action, 2010;3. doi: 10.3402/gha.v3i0.5607
• 16. Boonruksa P, Maturachon T, Kongtip P, Woskie S.: Heat Stress, Physiological Response, and Heat-Related Symptoms among Thai Sugarcane Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 1;17(17):6363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176363.
• 17. JakrengC., et al., Occupational natural heat exposure and its health effects on salt production workers in Samutsongkhram province, Thailand. Occup Environ Med, 2011;68(Suppl 1):A118-A118.
• 18. Tawatsupa, B., et al., Association Between Occupational Heat Stress and Kidney Disease Among 37 816 Workers in the Thai Cohort Study (TCS). J Epidemiol. 2012; 22(3):251-260.
• 19. Arifwidodo, S.D., Chandrasiri O.: Urban heat stress and human health in Bangkok, Thailand. Environmental Research, 2020;185:109398.
• 20. Pundee R, Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Anutrakulchai S, Robson MG, Woskie S.: Cross-shift change of acute kidney injury biomarkers in sugarcane farmers and cutters. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 2021;27(5):1170-1187. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2020.1812049.
• 21. Luangwilai, T., Robson MG, Siriwong W.: Effect of heat exposure on dehydration and kidney function among sea salt workers in Thailand. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 2021; 72(4):435-442, doi:10.32394/rpzh.2021.0186
• 22. ACGIH, Heat Stress and Strain: TLV® Physical Agents, in American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists 2009, OH: ACGIH. : Cincinnati.
• 23. Kavouras SA.: Assessing hydration status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002;5(5):519-24. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200209000-00010.
• 24. Levey A.S., et al., A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med, 2009;150(9):604-612.
• 25. Langkulsen U., Vichit-Vadakan N., Taptagaporn S.: Health impact of climate change on occupational health and productivity in Thailand. Global Health Action, 2010;3(1):5607.
• 26. Jackson, L.L., Rosenberg HR.: Preventing heatrelated illness among agricultural workers. Journal of agromedicine, 2010;15(3):200-215.
• 27. Department of Labour Protection and Welfare., Regulation and method of heat, light and sound measurement, D.o.L.P.a. Welfare, Editor. 2018:11-16.
• 28. Nanayakkara, I., Dissanayake RK., Nanayakkara S.: The presence of dehydration in paddy farmers in an area with chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology. Nephrology, 2020;25(2):156-162.
• 29. Satoru Ueno., Y.S., Hisanaga N., Oka T., Yamaguchi-Sekino S.: Heat Strain and Hydration of Japanese Construction Workers during Work in Summer. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2018;62(5):571-582.
• 30. ACGIH, Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. OH, in American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Cincinnati 2017.
• 31. Spector J.T., Krenz J, Blank KN.: Risk factors for heat-related illness in Washington crop workers. J Agromedicine, 2015;20(3):349-359.
• 32. García-Trabanino, R., et al., Heat stress, dehydration, and kidney function in sugarcane cutters in El Salvador–a cross-shift study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environmental research, 2015;142:746-755.
• 33. Laws R.L., Brooks DR., Amador JJ., Weiner DE., Kaufman J.S., Ramírez-Rubio O., Riefkohl A., Scammell Mk., López-Pilarte D., Sánchez JM, Parikh Ch.R., McClean ED.: Changes in kidney function among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Int J Occup Environ Health, 2015;21(3):241-250.
• 34. Schlader, Z.J., Hostler, D.; Parker, M. D.; Pryor, R.; Lohr, J. W.; Johnson, B. D.; Chapman, C. L: The potential for renal injury elicited by physical work in the heat. Nutrients, 2019;11(9):2087. Doi: 10.3390/nu11092087

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.32394/rpzh.2022.0201