PL
W latach 2009-2013 przeprowadzono badania na dwóch niezależnych doświadczeniach polowych w Stacji Badawczej Wydziału Rolnictwa i Biotechnologii UTP w Bydgoszczy, zlokalizowanej w Mochlu (gmina Sicienko, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie). Celem było zbadanie reakcji pszenicy jarej 'Monsun' i żyta jarego 'Bojko' na wczesnojesienny i późnojesienny termin siewu w porównaniu z siewem wiosennym. Pszenica wysiewana była na glebie kompleksu pszennego słabego lub wadliwego, żyto na glebie kompleksu żytniego słabego. Obydwa gatunki wysiewano w dwóch terminach jesiennych, tj. jako wczesna przewódka (WP) 30 IX-5 XI, późna przewódka (PP) 10 XI-15 XII i na wiosnę (W) 3 III-5 IV. Pozytywną reakcję w plonie ziarna na jesienne terminy wysiewu stwierdzono u obydwu gatunków. Dla pszenicy 'Monsun' bardziej korzystne pod względem plonowania i jakości ziarna okazały się siewy w późniejszym terminie (listopad-grudzień), a dla żyta 'Bojko' we wcześniejszym terminie siewu (październikowym). Wyższe plonowanie obydwu zbóż po siewie przewódkowym wynikało z lepszego wypełnienia kłosa i dorodności ziarna.
EN
To meet the needs for cognitive and practical issues related to the cropping of wheat and rye this study was planned and conducted. The aim of the two independent field trials was to investigate the responses of spring wheat 'Monsun' and spring rye 'Bojko' to the sowing terms in late autumn. The investigation was carried out on the basis of two independent, strict field experiments in 2009-2013, at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTS in Bydgoszcz, located in Mochełek, Kuyavian--Pomeranian region. In the first experiment, the soil of III-IV class according to Polish soil classification, wheat weak or defective complex, investigated the effect of sowing date on yield, yield components and grain quality of spring wheat 'Monsun' includes the following sowing terms: early autumn (early facultative) from 30 September to 5 November; late autumn (late facultative) from 10 November to 15 December, spring from 25 March to 5 April. The same treatments in the second experiment included sowing terms for rye: early facultative 10-15 October, late facultative 5-15 November and spring from 3 March to 1 April. The forecrop for rye was triticale and the soil was V class according to Polish soil classification. Average highest grain yield was obtained after sowing in late autumn terms - 5.83 t∙ha-1, with respect to the average yield of the early facultative crop was higher by 1.03 t. The same wheat sown in the spring obtained an average yield of 5.58 t∙ha-1, which did not differ significantly from late facultative crop. High values of the parameters responsible for the flour and backing obtained from grain, which came from late facultative wheat, e.g. sedimentation rate of 57.5 cm3 and a gluten content of 32.6%. In these respects is superior to wheat sowing spring and early autumn. It was found positive response 'Bojko' spring rye sowing on an earlier facultative term of sowing, i.e. 10-15 of October. The average yield for this date amounted to 3.08 and 0.5 t∙ha-1 was higher than the yield from the date of late autumn and 0.7 t of spring sowing. Higher yields of both cereals after facultative sowings resulted from higher kernels number per ear and grain plumpness.