Wpływ zabiegu agrotechnicznego na stan zdrowotny klonalnej plantacji nasiennej jesionu wyniosłego (Fraxinus excelsior L.) w kontekście jej porażenia przez Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski)

• Autorzy: Przybylski P. , Sikora K. , Mohytych V. , Wlostowski M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Effect of agrotechnical treatment on the health condition of the clonal seed ash plantation (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the context of its infection by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Ash is an important component of European forest ecosystems. In recent years the stability of the species has been threatened by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya 2014 (anamorph Chalara fraxinea). Infested stands die out dynamically, and forest management does not have the seeds to restore future populations. Seed orchards may be a suitable place, where the seed can be obtained, and through which the results of immunological selection can be implemented. To reduce the infestation of seed orchards by H. fraxineus, autumn leaves that are the source of inoculum can be removed. Hence, the main aim of the study was to assess the impact of the removal of fallen leaves on the health status of clonal seed orchard of ash. The studied seed orchard is located in the Łomża Forest District (N 22.06, E 53.31), observations were made on 237 strains of 31 clones of parents. The health of ash trees based on the defoliation of crowns was assessed in August, in years 2018−2019. In order to reduce the source of H. fraxineus inoculum in the next vegetation season, an agrotechnical procedure was carried out on the orchard site to completely remove fallen ash leaves. ANOVA was used to determine the effect of this procedure on the health of ash crowns. A significant reduction in the level of defoliation (F=12.89) was demonstrated over the years of observation. The reaction of individual clones to the procedure was not uniform. The best result was obtained for clones with low and stable defoliation levels in strains. This result confirms that systematic application of agrotechnical treatment has a beneficial effect on the health and regeneration capabilities of selected clones. This result is as expected and shows the potential to carry out immunological selection of ash.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; hodowla lasu; plantacje nasienne; zabiegi agrotechniczne; drzewa lesne; jesion wyniosly; Fraxinus excelsior; stan zdrowotny drzew; Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 164
• Numer: 05
• Opis fizyczny: s.404-413,rys.,fot.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Przybylski P.

• Zakład Hodowli Lasu i Genetyki Drzew Leśnych, Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Sękocin Stary, ul.Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn

autor

Sikora K.

• Zakład Ochrony Lasu, Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Sękocin Stary, ul.Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn

autor

Mohytych V.

• Zakład Hodowli Lasu i Genetyki Drzew Leśnych, Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Sękocin Stary, ul.Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn

autor

Wlostowski M.

• Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Białymstoku, ul.Lipowa 51, 15-424 Białystok

Bibliografia

• Almqvist C. 2013. Basic principles of developing forest tree seed orchards in Sweden. W: Improving seed production from forest seed orchards in the Baltic Sea region countries – establishment, management, flowering stimulation and protection. Riga.
• Bakys R., Vasaitis R., Barklund P., Ihrmark K., Stenlid J. 2009. Investigations concerning the role of Chalara fraxinea in declining Fraxinus excelsior. Plant Pathology 58 (2): 284-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059. 2008.01977.x.
• Bartha B., Mayer A., Lenz H. D. 2017. Acceleration of ash petiole decomposition to reduce Hymenoscyphus fraxineus apothecia growth – a feasible method for the deprivation of fungal substrate. Baltic Forestry 23 (1): 82-88.
• Chandelier A., André F., Laurent F. 2009. Detection of Chalara fraxinea in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) using real time PCR. Forest Pathology 40 (2): 87-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00610.x.
• Collin P., Epron D., Alaoui-Soosse B., Badot M. 2000. Growth response of common ash seedlings to total and partial defoliation. Annals of Botany 85 (3): 317-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.1045.
• Dobrowolska D., Hein S., Oosterbaan A., Wagner S., Clark J., Skovsgaard J. P. 2011. A review of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.): implications for silviculture. Forestry 84 (2): 133-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ forestry/cpr001.
• Gonzalez-Martinez S. C., Krutovsky K. V., Neale D. B. 2006. Forest-tree population genomics and adaptive evolution. New Phytologist 170: 227-238. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01686.x.
• Gross A., Holdenrieder O. 2013. On the longevity of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus in petioles of Fraxinus excelsior. Forest Pathology 43 (2): 168-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12022.
• Gross A., Holdenrieder O., Pautasso M., Queloz V., Sieber T. N. 2014. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, the causal agent of European ash dieback. Molecular Plant Pathology 15 (1): 5-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12073.
• Hardova L. 2015. Analýza vybraných faktorů ovlivňující výskyt Chalara fraxinea v protředí. Disertační práce. Praha, ČZU.
• Harper A. L., McKinney L. V., Nielsen L., Havlickova L., Li Y., Trick M., Fraser F., Wang L., Fellgett A., Sollars E. S. A., Janacek S. H., Downie A., Buggs R. J. A., Kjćr E. D., Bancroft I. 2016. Molecular markers for tolerance of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to dieback disease identified using Associative Transcriptomics. Scientific Reports 6: 19335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19335.
• Hemery G. E. 2008. Forest management and silvicultural responses to projected climate change impacts on European broadleaved trees and forests. International Forestry Review 10 (4): 591-607.
• Kjćr E. D., McKinney L. V., Nielsen L. R., Hansen L. N., Hansen J. K. 2012. Adaptive potential of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations against the novel emerging pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Evolutionary Applications. 5 (3): 219-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00222.x.
• Kowalski T. 2001. O zamieraniu jesionów. Trybuna Leśnika 4: 6-7.
• Kowalski T. 2006. Chalara fraxinea sp. nov. associated with dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Poland. Forest Pathology 36 (4): 264-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00453.x.
• Kowalski T., Bartnik C. 2010. Morphologial variation in colonies of Chalara fraxinea isolated from ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) stems with symptoms of dieback and effects of temperature on colony growth and structure. Acta Agrobotanica 63 (1): 99-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.012.
• Kowalski T., Holdenrieder O. 2009. Pathogenicity of Chalara fraxinea. Forest Pathology 39 (1): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00565.x.
• Kowalski T., Lukomska A. 2005. The studies on ash dying (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Wloszczowa Forest Unit stands. Acta Agrobotanica 58 (2): 429-439.
• Lobo A., Hansen J. K., McKinney L. V., Nielsen L. R., Kjćr E. D. 2014. Genetic variation in dieback resistance: growth and survival of Fraxinus excelsior under the influence of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 29 (6): 519-526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.950603.
• Lorenz M. 1995. International co-operative programme on assessment and monito¬ ring of air pollution effects on forests – ICP forests. Water Air and Soil Pollution 85 (3): 1221-1226.
• McKinney L. V., Nielsen L. R., Collinge D. B., Thomsen I. M., Hansen J. K., Kjćr E. D. 2014. The ash dieback crisis: genetic variation in resistance can prove a long-term solution. Plant Pathology 63 (3): 485-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12196.
• McKinney L. V., Nielsen L. R., Hansen J. K., Kjćr E. D. 2011. Presence of natural genetic resistance in Fraxinus excelsior (Oleraceae) to Chalara fraxinea (Ascomycota): an emerging infectious disease. Heredity. 106: 788-797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2010.119.
• McKinney L. V., Thomsen I. M., Kjćr E. D., Nielsen L. R. 2012. Genetic resistance to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus limits fungal growth and symptom occurrence in Fraxinus excelsior. Forest Pathology 42 (1): 69-74. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00725.x.
• Muńoz F., Marcais B., Dufour J., Dowkiw A. 2016. Rising out of the ashes: additive genetic variation for crown and collar resistance to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Fraxinus excelsior. Phytopathology 106: 1535-1543. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-15-0284-R.
• Pautasso M., Aas G., Queloz V., Holdenrieder O. 2013. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback – A conservation biology challenge. Biological Conservation 158: 37-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.026.
• Przybylski P. 2015. Czy na plantacjach nasiennych zawężamy zmienność genetyczną? Próba odpowiedzi na podstawie analiz mikrosatelitarnego DNA szczepów rosnących na plantacji nasiennej sosny zwyczajnej z Nadleśnictwa Susz. Leś. Pr. Bad. 76 (3): 240-249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515-frp-2015-0023.
• Przybylski P., Kowalczyk J., Odrzykoski I., Matras J. 2019. Identyfing alien genotypes and their consequences for genetic variation in clonal seed orchards of Pinus sylvestris L.. Dendrobiology 81: 40-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.12657/denbio.081.005.
• Rawlik K., Jagodziński A. M. 2019. Ekologiczne znaczenie roślin runa leśnego. Academia – Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk 8 (4): 50-53.
• Skovsgaard J. P., Wilhelm G. J., Thomsen I. M., Metzler B., Thomas Kirisits T., Havrdová L., Enderle R., Dobrowolska D., Cleary M., Clark J. 2016. Silvicultural strategies for Fraxinus excelsior in response to dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Forestry 90 (4): 455-472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpx012.
• Sollars E. S. A., Harper A. L., Kelly L. J., Sambles C. M., Ramirez-Gonzalez R. H., Swarbreck D., Kaithakottil G., Cooper E. D., Uauy C., Havlickova L., Worswick G., Studholme D. J., Zohren J., Salmon D. L., Clavijo B. J., Li Y., He Z., Fellgett A., McKinney L. V., Nielsen L. R., Douglas G. C., Kjćr E. D., Downie J. A., Boshier D., Lee S., Clark J., Grant M., Bancroft I., Caccamo M., Buggs R. J. A. 2017. Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees. Nature 541: 212-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature20786.
• Stocks J. J., Metheringham C. L., Plumb W. J., Lee S. L., Kelly L. J., Nichols R. A., Buggs R. J. A. 2019. Genomic basis of European ash tree resistance to ash dieback fungus. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1686-1696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1036-6.
• Thomas P. A. 2016. Biological flora of the British Isles: Fraxinus excelsior. Journal of Ecology 104: 1158-1209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12566.
• Vacek S., Vacek Z., Bulušek D., Putalová T., Sarginci M., Schwarz O., Šrůtka P., Podrázský V., Moser W. K. 2015. European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback: disintegrating forest in the mountain protected areas, Czech Republic. Austrian Journal of Forest Science 132 (4): 203-223.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.26202/sylwan.2020036