Pathogens of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber (Phytophtora infestans) occurring in treatments with foliar fertilization

• Autorzy: Cwalina-Ambroziak B. , Bogucka B.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Patogeny występujące na bulwach ziemniaka (Solanum tuberosum L.) nawożonego dolistnie

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper presents the results of a three-year exact plot experiment (2008-2010) established in Bałcyny (NE Poland). Three potato cultivars were grown: medium-early ‘Adam’, medium- late ‘Pasja Pomorska’, and late ‘Ślęza’. The experimental factors were foliar fertilizers applied alone or in combination (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn, Solubor DF) and two levels of soil mineral fertilization (N1P1K1-80 kg N × ha-1, 80 kg P × ha- 1, 120 K × ha-1; N2P2K2-120 kg N × ha-1, 144 kg P × ha-1, 156 K × ha-1). The experimental materials comprised potato tubers. The symptoms of soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and dry rot (Fusarium spp.) were evaluated in 5 kg potato samples, and were expressed as the percentage mass of infected tubers. The rates of common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) infection were estimated on 100 tubers collected randomly after harvest, according to a nine-point scale, and were presented as a percentage infection index. In the laboratory, fungi were isolated on PDA medium from potato tubers immediately after harvest and after five-month storage. The incidence of tuber diseases depended on potato cultivars affected. The severity of tuber diseases varied between treatments with two levels of NPK fertilization and foliar fertilization. The lowest number of Fusarium-infected tubers was obtained from treatments where three foliar fertilizers were applied in combination, which was confirmed by the lowest abundance of fungal isolates. More fungi were isolated from potato tubers after harvest than after storage, but pathogens were more frequently isolated from stored tubers. After harvest, the lowest number of pathogenic fungi was isolated from the tubers of cv. ‘Adam’ in the non-fertilized treatment, and after storage – from the tubers of the late cultivars in the treatment with three foliar fertilizers applied in combination.

PL

W trzyletnim ścisłym doświadczeniu poletkowym założonym w 2008 r. w Bałcynach uprawiano odmiany ziemniaka: średnio wczesną ‘Adam’, średnio późną ‘Pasja Pomorska’ i późną ‘Ślęza’. Czynnikami doświadczenia były: nawozy dolistne, stosowane pojedynczo i łącznie (Basfoliar 12-4-6, ADOB Mn, Solubor DF) oraz dwa poziomy nawożenia mineralnego doglebowego (N1P1K1-80 kg N × ha-1, 80 kg P × ha-1, 120 K × ha-1; N2P2K2-120 kg N × ha-1, 144 kg P × ha-1, 156 K × ha-1). Materiał badawczy stanowiły bulwy ziemniaka. Procent bulw z objawami mokrej zgnilizny (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), zarazy ziemniaka (Phytophthora infestans) i suchej zgnilizny (Fusarium spp.) szacowano w 5 kg próbie bulw. Po zbiorze w losowo pobranej próbie 100 bulw oceniano nasilenie parcha zwykłego (Streptomyces scabies) i ospowatości (Rhizoctonia solani); wynik podano jako indeks porażenia w %. W laboratorium co roku izolowano grzyby na pożywce PDA z bulw po zbiorze i po 5-miesięcznym przechowywaniu. Wyniki opracowano statystycznie (STATISTICA® 9.0 2009). Odmiany ziemniaka miały wpływ na nasilenie chorób bulw. Nasilenie analizowanych chorób na bulwach badanych po zbiorze pochodzących z roślin nawożonych doglebowo NPK i dokarmianych dolistnie nawozami wieloskładnikowymi było zróżnicowane. Zaobserwowano jednak prawidłowość: najmniej bulw porażonych przez Fusarium uzyskano u roślin dokarmianych trzema nawozami łącznie, co potwierdza najmniejsza liczebność izolatów tych grzybów otrzymanych z bulw. Więcej grzybów otrzymano z bulw po zbiorze niż po przechowywaniu, jednak patogeny częściej izolowano z bulw przechowywanych. Najrzadziej sprawców chorób wyosobniano z bulw nienawożonych roślin odmiany ‘Adam’ w analizowanym terminie po zbiorze i z bulw odmian późnych w kombinacji z łącznie aplikowanymi trzema nawozami, w analizowanym terminie po przechowywaniu.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agrobotanica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 65
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.75-83,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Cwalina-Ambroziak B.

• Department of Phytopathology and Entomology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Bogucka B.

• Department of Agrotechnology and Crop Production Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn

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