Hipparion macedonicum revisited: new data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The new expeditions to the Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece) provided a new set of fossils from the various localities. Among the material collected from the Late Miocene hominoid bearing mammal locality Ravin de la Pluie (RPl) were some remains of Hipparion macedonicum, which was originally described from this locality. The most important is the skull and associated mandible, the first from the type locality. The new material is compared with the previously collected material of the taxon from the Vallesian and Turolian levels of Greece, as well as with corresponding material from Eurasia. The RPl skull is compared with the type skull of H. matthwei, a taxon, which several times has been referred as synonym to H. macedonicum. The comparison indicated several differences which distinguish the two species. Hipparion macedonicum has a continuous stratigraphic range from the Vallesian to middle Turolian and it is possibly present in the late Turolian. The comparison of the chronologically different samples of H. macedonicum indicates that the Vallesian form of H. macedonicum has larger size, shorter narial opening, longer tooth rows, rich enamel plication, more elongated and narrow plis, more robust metapodials and less running legs than the Turolian form. Some of the morphological changes are related to the habitat, which was more closed, warmer and wetter in the Vallesian than Turolian.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 61
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.519-536,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

Bibliografia

• Alberdi, M.-T., Prado, L.G., and Ortz-Jaureguizar, E. 1995. Patterns of body size changes in fossil and living Equini (Perissodactyla). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 54: 349–370.
• Bernor, R.-L. 1985. Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15: 173–269.
• Bernor, R.-L. and Tobien, H. 1989. Two small species of Cremohipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Samos, Greece. Mitteilungen Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie 29: 207–226.
• Bernor, R.-L, Kaiser, M.T., Kordos, L., and Scott, R. 1999. Context, systematic position and paleoecology of Hippotherium sumegense Kretzoi, 1984 from MN 10 (Late Vallesian of the Pannonian Basin). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologgie und historische Geologie 39: 115–149.
• Bernor, R.-L, Koufos, G.D., Woodburne, M., and Fortelius, M. 1996.The evolutionary history and biochronology of European and southeastern Asian late Miocene and Pliocene hipparionine horses. In: R.-L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittman (eds.), The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, 7–46. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Bernor, R.-L., Scott, R.S., Fortelius, M., Kappelmann, J., and Sen, S. 2003. Systematics and evolution of the late Miocene hipparions from Sinap, Turkey. In: M. Fortelius, J. Kappelmann, S. Sen, and R.-L. Bernor (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, 220–281. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Bonis, L. de, Bouvrain, G., Geraads, D., and Koufos, G.D. 1992. Diversity and palaeoecology of Greek late Miocene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 91: 99–121.
• Cande, S.C. and Kent, D.V. 1995. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research 100: 6093–6095.
• Eisenmann, V. 1988. Contributions à l ètude du gisement Miocène supérieur de Montredon (Herault). Les grands mammifères. 5. Les Perissodactyles, Equidae. Palaeovertebrata, special volume 1988: 65–96.
• Eisenmann, V. 1995. What metapodial morphometry has to say about some Miocene hipparions. In: E.S. Vrba, G.H. Denton, T.C. Partridge, and L.H. Burckle (eds.), Palaeoclimate and Evolution with Emphasis on Human Origins, 48–162. Yale University Press, New Haven.
• Eisenmann, V. and Sondaar, P.Y. 1998. Equidae. In: S. Sen (ed.), Pliocene Vertebrate Locality of Çalta, Ankara, Turkey. Geodiversitas 20: 409–439.
• Eisenmann, V., Alberdi, M.-T., Giuli, C. de, and Staesche, U. 1988. Methodology. In: M. Woodburne and P.Y. Sondaar (eds.), Studying Fossil Horses, 1–71. E.J. Brill press, Leiden.
• Eronen, J.T, Attaabadi, M.M., Michels, A., Karme, A., Bernor, R.-L., and Fortelius, M. 2009. Distribution history and climatic controls of the Late Miocene Pikermian chronofauna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A.106: 11867–11871.
• Forstén, A.M. 1968. Revision of the Palearctic Hipparion. Acta Zoologica Fennica 119: 1–134.
• Forstén, A.M. 1997. A review of Central Asiatic hipparions (Perissodactyla, Equidae). Acta Zoologica Fennica 205: 1–26.
• Forstén, A.M. and Garevski, R. 1989. Hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Macedonia, Yugoslavia. Geologica Macedonica 3: 159–206.
• Gromova, V. 1952. Le genre Hipparion. Annales du Centre d’Études et de Documentation Paléontologiques 12: 1–288.
• Hammer, C., Harper, D.A.T., and Ryan, P.D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4 (1): 1–9.
• Hristova, L., Geraads, D., Markov, G.N., and Spassov, N. 2013. Late Miocene mammals from Kocherinovo, Southewestern Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 65: 517–529.
• Konidaris, G.E., Koufos, G.D., Kostopoulos, D.S., and Merceron, G. 2016. Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in the Miocene of SE Europe–SW Asia: implications for phylogeny and biogeography. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14 (1): 1–27.
• Kostopoulos, D.S. 2009. The Pikermian Event: Temporal and spatial resolution of the Turolian large mammal fauna in SE Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 274: 82–95.
• Koufos, G.D. 1980. Palaeontological and stratigraphical study of the Neogene continental deposits of the Axios Valley basin [in Greek with English summary]. Scientific Annals Faculty of Physics and Mathematics 19 (11): 1–322.
• Koufos, G.D. 1984. A new hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Vallesian (late Miocene) of Greece. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 58: 307–317.
• Koufos, G.D. 1986. Study of the Vallesian hipparions of the lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). Geobios 19: 61–79.
• Koufos, G.D. 1987a. Study of the Pikermi hipparions. Part I: Generalities and taxonomy. Part II: Comparisons and odontograms. Bulletin Museum Nationale Histoire Naturelle Paris 4e ser. 9 sect. C 2: 197–252, 3: 327–363.
• Koufos, G.D. 1987b. Study of the Turolian hipparions of the lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). 1. Locality “Ravin des Zouaves-5” (RZO). Geobios 20: 293–312.
• Koufos, G.D. 1987c. Study of the Turolian hipparions of the lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). 2. Locality “Prochoma-1” (PXM). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 61: 339–358.
• Koufos, G.D. 1988. Study of the Turolian hipparions of the lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). 3. Localities of Vathylakkos. Paleontologia i Evolucio 22: 15–39.
• Koufos, G.D. 2000. New material of Vallesian hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the lower Axios Valley, Macedonia, Greece. Senckenbergiana lethaea 80: 231–255.
• Koufos, G.D. 2006a. Palaeoecology and chronology of the Vallesian (late Miocene) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 234: 127–145.
• Koufos, G.D. 2006b. The Neogene mammal localities of Greece: faunas, chronology and biostratigraphy. Hellenic Journal of Geosciences 41: 183–214.
• Koufos, G.D. 2012a. A new protictithere from the late Miocene hominoid locality Ravin de la Pluie of Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 86: 219–229.
• Koufos, G.D. 2012b. New material of Carnivora (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Axios Valley, Macedonia, Greece. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11: 49–64.
• Koufos, G.D. 2013. Neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology of Greece. In: X. Wang, L.J. Flynn, and M. Fortelius (eds.), Fossil Mammals of Asia—Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology, 595–621. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Koufos, G.D. and Konidaris, G.E. 2011. Late Miocene carnivores of the Greco-Iranian Province: Composition, guild structure and palaeoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 305: 215–226.
• Koufos, G.D. and Kostopoulos, D.S. 1994. Equidae. In: S. Sen (ed.), The Late Miocene Mammal Localities of Kemiklitepe (Turkey). Bulletin Museum Nationale Histoire Naturelle Paris 4e ser. sect. C 16: 41–80.
• Koufos, G.D. and Vlachou, T.D. 2005. Equidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdağ, Turkey. In: S. Sen (ed.), Geology, Mammals and Environments at Akkaşdağ, Late Miocene of Central Anatolia. Geodiversitas 27 (4): 633–705.
• Koufos, G.D. and Vlachou, T.D. 2016. Equidae. In: G.D. Koufos and D.S. Kostopoulos (eds.), Palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Vertebrate Localities of Nikiti (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece). Geobios 49 (1–2) [published online].
• Koufos, G.D., Kostopoulos, D.S., and Merceron, G. 2009a. Palaeoecology, Palaeobiogeography. In: G.D. Koufos and D. Nagel (eds.), The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. Beiträge zur Paläontologie 31: 409–428.
• Koufos, G.D., Kostopoulos, D.S., and Vlachou, T.D. 2009b. Chronology. In: G.D. Koufos and D. Nagel (eds.), The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. Beiträge zur Paläontologie 31: 397–408.
• Koufos, G.D., Kostopoulos, D.S., and Vlachou, T.D. 2016. Synthesis. In: G.D. Koufos and D.S. Kostopoulos (eds.), Palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Vertebrate Localities of Nikiti (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece). Geobios 49 (1–2) [published online].
• Koufos, G.D., Merceron, G., Kostopoulos, D.S., Vlachou, T.D., and Sylvestrou, I.A. 2006a. Palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. In: G.D. Koufos (ed.), The Late Miocene Vertebrate locality of Perivolaki, Thessaly, Greece. Palaeontographica Abt. A 276: 201–221.
• Koufos, G.D., Sen, S., Kostopoulos, D.S., Sylvestrou, I.A., and Vlachou, T.D. 2006b. Chronology. In: G.D. Koufos (ed.), The Late Miocene Vertebrate locality of Perivolaki, Thessaly, Greece. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 276: 185–200.
• Merceron, G., Blondel, C., Bonis, L. de, Koufos, G.D., and Viriot, L. 2005. A new method of dental microwear analysis: Application to extant Primates and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Late Miocene of Greece). Palaios 20: 551–561.
• Merceron, G., Blondel, C., Brunet, M., Sen, S., Solounias, N., Viriot, L., and Heintz, E. 2004. The late Miocene paleoenvironment of Afganistan as inferred from dental microwear in artiodactyls. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 207: 143–163.
• Merceron, G., Blondel, C., Viriot, L., Koufos, G.D., and Bonis, L. de 2007. Dental microwear analysis of bovids from the Vallesian (late Miocene) of Axios Valley in Greece: reconstruction of the habitat of Ouranopithecus (Primates, Hominoidea). Geodiversitas 29 (3): 421–433.
• Merceron, G., Novello, A., and Scott, R.S. 2016. Paleoenvironments inferred from phytoliths and 3D dental microwear texture analyses of meso-herbivores. In: G.D. Koufos and D.S. Kostopoulos (eds.), Palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Vertebrate Localities of Nikiti (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece). Geobios 49 (1–2) [published online].
• Merceron, G., Zazzo, A., Spassov, N., Geraads, D., and Kovachev, D. 2006. Bovid paleoecology and paleoenvironments from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria: Evidence from dental microwear and stable isotopes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 24: 637–654.
• Pesquero, M., Alberdi, M.-T., and Alcala, L. 2011. Remains of Hipparion (Equidae, Perissodactyla) from Puente Minero (Teruel Province, Spain). Neus Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologgie Abhandlungen 243: 273–297.
• Rey, K., Amiot, R., Lécuyer, C., Koufos, G.D., Martineau, F., Fourel, F., Kostopoulos, D.S., and Merceron, G. 2013. Late Miocene climatic and environmental variations in northern Greece inferred from stable isotope compositions (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) of equid teeth apatite. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 388: 48–57.
• Scott, K.M. 1990. Postcranial dimensions of Ungulata as predictors of body mass. In: J. Damuth and B.J. MacFadden (eds.), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biologiacal Implications, 301–335. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Scott, R. 2004. The Comparative Paleoecology of Late Miocene Eurasian Homi noids. 480 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin.
• Sen, S. 1997. Magnetostratigraphic calibration of the Neogene mammal chronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 133: 181–204.
• Sondaar, P.Y. 1971. The Samos Hipparion. Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Wetenschappen B 74: 417–441.
• Spassov, N., Tzankov, T., and Geraads, D. 2006. Late Neogene stratigraphy, biochronology, faunal deversity and environments of South-West Bulgaria (Struma River Valley). Geodiversitas 28: 477–498.
• Steininger, F.F. 1999. Chronostratigraphy, geochronology and biochronology of the Miocene “European land mammal mega-zones” (ELMMZ) and the Miocene “Mammal-zones” (MN-Zones). In: G. Roessner and C. Heissig (eds.), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe, 9–24. Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen.
• Strömberg, C., Werdelin, L., Friis, E.-M., and Saraç, G. 2007. The spread of grass-dominated habitats in Turkey and surrounding areas during the Cenozoic: phytolith evidence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 250: 18–49.
• Vangengeim, E. and Tesakov, A. 2013. Late Miocene mammal localities of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. In: X. Wang, L.J. Flynn, and M. Fortelius (eds.), Fossil Mammals of Asia. Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology, 521–545. Columbia Univessity Press, New York.
• Vlachou, T.D. 2013. Palaeontological, Biostratigraphical and Palaeoecological Study of the Greek Hipparions [in Greek with English summary]. 639 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki.
• Vlachou, T.D. and Koufos, G.D. 2002. The hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Turolian locality of Nikiti 2, Calkidiki, Macedonia, Greece. Annales de Paléontologie 88 : 215–263.
• Vlachou, T.D. and Koufos, G.D. 2006. Equidae. In: G.D. Koufos, (ed.), The Late Miocene Vertebrate Locality of Perivolaki, Thessaly, Greece. Palaeontographica Abt. A. 276: 81–119.
• Vlachou, T.D. and Koufos, G.D. 2009. Equidae. In: G.D. Koufos and D. Nagel (eds.), The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. Beitrage zur Paläontologie 31: 207–281.
• Watabe, M. 2004. Phylogeny of Old World Hipparionine Horses (Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia). Its pattern and Process. 381 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Osaka University, Osaka.
• Watabe, M. and Nakaya, H. 1991. Phylogenetic significance of the postcranial skeletons of the hipparions from Maragheh (late Miocene), Northwest Iran. Memoirs of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyoto University, Geology and Mineralogy 26: 11–53.
• Zouhri, S. and Bensalmia, A. 2005. Révision systématique des Hipparion sensu lato (Perissodactyla, Equidae) de l’ancien monde. Estudios Geologicos 61: 61–99.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4202/app.00169.2015