Mikroflora serów dojrzewających

• Autorzy: Kolakowski P. , Kowalska M. , Sedrowska-Cwiek J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Microbiota of ripening cheese

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Mikroflora serów odgrywa kluczową rolę w procesie ich produkcji i dojrzewania. Bierze ona udział w biochemicznej konwersji laktozy, tłuszczu i białek mleka oraz w tworzeniu cech smakowo-zapachowych sera. W skład mikroflory serów wchodzą dwie podstawowe grupy: mikroflora startowa (zasadnicza i pomocnicza) i mikroflora nie-startowa. Bakterie kwasu mlekowego stanowią główną grupę zarówno mikroflory startowej jak i niestartowej. Populacja mikroflory startowej jest dominująca w początkowym okresie produkcji sera i ulega stopniowej redukcji powodowanej zmieniającymi się czynnikami środowiskowymi w procesie jego dojrzewania. W przeciwieństwie, nieliczna populacja mikroflory niestartowej w młodym serze systematycznie wzrasta w trakcie jego dojrzewania. Mikroflorę niestartową stanowi złożony kompleks w skład, którego wchodzą bakterie, drożdże i pleśnie. Jej skład jakościowy i ilościowy ściśle powiązany jest z danym rodzajem sera i warunkami środowiskowymi w mle-czarni. Mikroflora niestartowa, a w szczególności bakterie kwasu mlekowego i droż-dże są najtrudniej kontrolowanym czynnikiem w zakładzie mleczarskim i mogą one powodować wady serów i problemy z utrzymaniem ich standardów jakościowych. W procesie produkcji i dojrzewania sera dochodzi do kompleksowych wzajemnych oddziaływań poszczególnych grup drobnoustrojów. Zastosowanie nowoczesnych technik molekularnych pozwala na szybką identyfikację izolatów drobnoustrojów na poziomie gatunkowym i szczepowym i przyczynia się do pełniejszego zrozumienia zjawiska dojrzewania serów. Artykuł opisuje najnowsze osiągnięcia w zakresie rozwoju kultur startowych i drobnoustrojów niestartowych w serowarstwie oraz ich roli w procesie produkcji i dojrzewania serów.

EN

The cheese microbiota plays a central role in cheese-making. The microbiota contrib-utes to the main biochemical conversion of lactose, fat, protein, and cheese flavor de-velopment. Cheese microbiota consists of two major groups, which are starter/adjunct and nonstarter microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria are the most essential component of starter/adjunct as well as nonstarter microbiota. Population of starter microbiota dominates at the beginning of ripening process and gradually decreases during aging due to environmental cheese factors. On the contrary nonstarter population gradually increases from very low number in fresh cheese to high number in ripened cheese. Nonstarter microbiota is composed of complex mixtures of bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and is generally specifically associated with particular cheese varieties, and the dairy environment. Nonstarter microbiota especially nonstarter lactic acid bacte-ria and yeasts are the main uncontrolled factor in cheese plant and may bother cause of defects and quality inconsistencies of cheese. During cheese manufacture and ripen-ing, complex interactions occur between individual components of cheese microbiota. Recently developed molecular techniques allow make rapid identification of individual isolates to species and strain level, and contribute to better understanding of cheese ripening phenomena. The aim of the paper was to describe recent advances in devel-opment of starter/adjunct and nonstarter cheese microbiota range and they role dur-ing both manufacture and cheese ripening.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Innowacyjne Mleczarstwo
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 01
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.6-13,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kolakowski P.

• Wydział Innowacji, Danisco Biolacta Sp. z o.o., ul.Tuwima 1A, 10-741 Olsztyn

autor

Kowalska M.

• Instytut Innowacji Przemysłu Mleczarskiego Sp. z o.o., Mrągowo

autor

Sedrowska-Cwiek J.

• Instytut Innowacji Przemysłu Mleczarskiego Sp. z o.o., Mrągowo

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