The YMCA organisation and its physical education and sports activities in Europe during the first World War

• Autorzy: Tlusty T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Organizacja YMCA i jej działalność poświęcona kulturze fizycznej i sportowi w Europie w okresie I wojny światowej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper discusses the history of the YMCA in Europe at the time of the First World War. During the period in question, this international organisation spent a large amount of money on voluntary aid for soldiers and prisoners of war. Of all National YMCA groups, most financial support for its activities came from the United States of America, where the organisation had also reached its peak in terms of physical education and sports development. Even before the United States of America had entered the First World War, American YMCA secretaries had been involved in European battlefields and prisoner of war camps, despite having first been rejected by local military leaders. These functionaries offered soldiers and prisoners of war a number of ways to spend their free time, including physical education and sport. The American YMCA’s efforts were to increase significantly after the United States of America had entered the war. There followed a transfer of a huge amount of sports equipment and sports instructors from the United States of America to Europe. After the war had ended, the YMCA in France initiated the Inter-Allied Games and subsequently attempted to spread its program into other countries around the world.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono historię YMCA w Europie w czasie I wojny światowej. Ta międzynarodowa organizacja w omawianym okresie wyasygnowała bardzo duże środki finansowe na pomoc żołnierzom i jeńcom wojennym. Ze wszystkich narodowych oddziałów YMCA największe wsparcie finansowe przekazała YMCA ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, gdzie w rozwoju kultury fizycznej i sportu organizacja osiągnęła najwyższy poziom. Jeszcze przed przystąpieniem Stanów Zjednoczonych do I wojny światowej wolontariusze YMCA pracowali na polach europejskich bitew i w obozach jenieckich. Wolontariusze ci oferowali żołnierzom i więźniom wiele różnych sposobów spędzania wolnego czasu, wśród których były kultura fizyczna i sport. Po przystąpieniu Stanów Zjednoczonych do wojny działania amerykańskiej YMCA przybrały na sile. Ze Stanów Zjednoczonych do Europy przetransportowano ogromną ilość sprzętu sportowego i sprowadzono instruktorów sportowych. Po wojnie francuska YMCA zainicjowała Inter-Allied Games, a program tej imprezy starała się rozpropagować w innych krajach.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 14
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.27-44,fig,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Tlusty T.

• Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Bibliografia

• Archives
• Kautz Family YMCA Archives.
• Yale School of Divinity Archives, Yale University, John R. Mott Papers, Box 39, Folder 702. Periodical
• “YMCA (Časopis sdružení YMCA v Československu)” 1925.
• Printed source
• Summary of world war work of the American YMCA (With the soldiers and sailors of America at home, on the sea, and overseas, With the men of the allied armies and with the prisoners of war in all parts of the world), New York 1920.
• Literature
• Bartholomew M.M., A Visit to Prison Camps, [in:] J.R. Mott (ed.), For the millions of men now under arms (Number 5), New York 1915.
• Constable G., The IV Olympiad (London 1908, the international YMCA), Los Angeles 1999.
• Hopkins C.H., John R. Mott (1865–1955, A Biography), Grand Rapids 1979.
• Johnson E.L., The History of YMCA Physical Education, Chicago 1979.
• Marriott A.E., Suggested Athletics for Army Camps, New York 1918.
• Matthews G.R., America’s First Olympics (The St. Louis Games Of 1904), Columbia 2005.
• Miller M.L., The American YMCA and Russian Culture (The Preservation and
• Expansion of Orthodox Christianity, 1900–1940), Lanham 2012.
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• Y.M.C.A. and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy among the Central Power nations during World War I, 1914–1923, Volume I (Dissertation thesis), St. Paul 1998.
• Steuer K.A., Pursuit of an “Unparalleled Opportunity”: The American Y.M.C.A. and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy among the Central Power nations during
• World War I, 1914–1923, Volume II (Dissertation thesis), St. Paul 1998.
• Taft W., Kent F., Newlin W., Harris F., Service with fighting men (An Account of the Work of the American YMCA in the World War I), Volume I, New York 1922.
• Taft W., Kent F., Newlin W., Harris F., Service with fighting men (An Account of the Work of the American YMCA in the World War I), Volume II, New York 1922.
• Venzon A.C., Miles P.L., The United States in the First World War (An Encyclopedia), New York 1999.
• Wannamaker O.D., With Italy in Her Final War of Liberation (A Story of the “Y” on the Italian Front), New York 1923.
• Wrathall J.D.G., Take the Young Stranger by the Hand (Same-Sex Relations and the YMCA), Chicago 1998.
• Yapp A.K., Urgent Needs, [in:] J.R. Mott (ed.), For the millions of men now under arms (Number 5), New York 1915.
• Printed sources
• http://umedia.lib.umn.edu/node/68725?mode=basic.
• http://umedia.lib.umn.edu/node/68738?mode=basic.
• http://www.dugouttreasures.com/productDetail.cfm?sID=5&prodID=546.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.16926/kf.2015.14.02