The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

• Autorzy: Yates A.M. , Wedel M. J. , Bonnan M. F.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP) is present in a range of basal sauropodomorphs spanning the basal sauropodomorph–sauropod transition. We describe the PSP of five taxa, Plateosaurus engelhardti, Eucnemesaurus fortis, Aardonyx celestae, Antetonitrus ingenipes, and an unnamed basal sauropod from Spion Kop, South Africa (hereafter referred to as the Spion Kop sauropod). The PSP of Plateosaurus is apparently sporadic in its occurrence and has only been observed in very few specimens, in which it is of very limited extent, affecting only the posterior cervical vertebrae and possibly the mid dorsals in one specimen. The PSP of Eucnemesaurus, Aardonyx, Antetonitrus, and the Spion Kop sauropod consists of subfossae (fossa−within−fossa structures) that excavate the vertices of the posterior infradiapophyseal fossae of the posterior dorsal vertebrae. These subfossae range from simple shallow depressions (Eucnemesaurus) to deep, steepsided, internally subdivided and asymmetrically developed chambers (Antetonitrus). The middle and anterior dorsal vertebrae of these taxa lack PSP, demonstrating that abdominal air sacs were the source of the invasive diverticula. The presence of pneumatic features within the infradiapophyseal fossae suggest that the homologous fossae of more basal saurischians and dinosauriforms were receptacles that housed pneumatic diverticula. We suggest that it is probable that rigid non−compliant lungs ventilated by compliant posterior air sacs evolved prior to the origination of Dinosauria.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

paleontology; evolution; postcranial skeletal pneumaticity sauropodomorph dinosaur; dinosaur; Sauropodomorpha; Sauropoda; air sac; Triassic; Jurassic; South Africa

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 57
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.85-100,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Yates A.M.

• Bernard Price Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa

autor

Wedel M. J.

autor

Bonnan M. F.

Bibliografia

• Allain, R. and Aquesbi, N. 2008. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. Geodiversitas 30: 345–424.
• Barsbold, R., Osmólska, H., Watabe, M., Currie, P.J., and Tsogtbataar, K. 2000. A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia: the first dinosaur with a pygostyle. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45: 97–106.
• Bezuidenhout, A.J., Groenewald, H.B., and Soley, J.T. 1999. An anatomical study of the respiratory air sacs in ostriches. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 66: 317–325.
• Bonaparte, J.F. 1999. Evolución de las vertebras presacras en Sauropodomorpha. Ameghiniana 36: 115–187.
• Britt, B.B. 1993. Pneumatic Postcranial Bones in Dinosaurs and Other Archosaurs. 383 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary.
• Brochu, C.A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high−resolution computer tomographic analysis of the skull. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 7: 1–138.
• Butler, R.J., Barrett, P.M., and Gower, D.J. 2009a. Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity and air−sacs in the earliest pterosaurs. Biology Letters 5: 557–560.
• Butler, R.J., Barrett, P.M., Abel, R.L., and Gower, D.J. 2009b. A possible ctenosauriscid archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1022–1031.
• Cover, M.S. 1953. Gross and microscopic anatomy of the respiratory system of the turkey. III. The air sacs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 14: 239–245.
• Duncker, H.−R. 1971. The lung air sac system of birds. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology 45: 1–171.
• Dzik, J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 556–574.
• Farmer, C.G. and Sanders, K. 2010. Unidirectional airflow in the lungs of alligators. Science 327: 338–340.
• Galton, P.M. 2001. The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic).11. Notes on the referred species. Revue Paléobiologie, Genève 20: 435–502.
• Galton, P.M. and Upchurch, P. 2004. Prosauropoda. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria. Second Edition, 232–258. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Gower, D.J. 2001. Possible postcranial pneumaticity in the last common ancestor of birds and crocodilians: evidence fromErythrosuchus and other Mesozoic archosaurs. Naturwissenschaften 88: 119–122.
• Harris, J.D. 1998. A reanalysis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, its phylogenetic status, and paleobiogeographic implications, based on a new specimen from Texas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 13: 1–75.
• Hatcher, J.B. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus, with a description of a new species, and remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda, and the age and origin of Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1–72.
• Hogg, D.A. 1984. The development of pneumatisation in the postcranial skeleton of the domestic fowl. Journal of Anatomy 139: 105–113.
• Janensch, W. 1947. Pneumatizität bei Wirbeln von Sauropoden und anderen Saurischiern. Palaeontographica (Supplement 7) 3: 1–25.
• Ksepka, D.T. and Norell, M.A. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long−necked sauropod from Bor Guvé (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1–16.
• Martill, D.M. and Naish, D. (eds.) 2001. Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight. Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils No. 10. 433 pp. Dorset Press, Dorchester.
• Martinez, R.N., Sereno, P.C., Alcober, O.A., Colombi, C.E., Renne, P.R., Montańez, and Currie, B.S. 2011. A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea. Science 331: 206–210.
• McLelland, J. 1989. Anatomy of the lungs and air sacs. In: A.S. King and J. McLelland (eds.), Form and Function in Birds, 221–279. Academic Press, London.
• Nesbitt, S.J. 2005. The osteology of the pseudosuchian Arizonasaurus babbitti. Historical Biology 17: 19–47.
• Nesbitt, S.J. 2007. The anatomy of Effigia okeefeae (Archosauria, Suchia), theropod−like convergence, and the distribution of related taxa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 302: 1–84.
• O’Connor, P.M. 2006. Postcranial pneumaticity: an evaluation of soft−tissue influences on the postcranial skeleton and the reconstruction of pulmonary anatomy in archosaurs. Journal of Morphology 267: 1199–1226.
• O'Connor, P.M. 2007. The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 8: 127–162.
• O’Connor, P.M. and Claessens, L.P.A.M. 2005. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow−through ventilation in non−avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436: 253–256.
• Owen, R. 1839. On the anatomy of the Apteryx. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 6: 48–110.
• Owen, R. 1856. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part III. Dinosauria (Megalosaurus). Palaeontographical Society Monographs 9: 1–26.
• Owen, R. 1876. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement 7. Crocodilia (Poikilopleuron). Dinosauria (Chondrosteosaurus). Palaeontographical Society Monographs 30: 1–7.
• Rauhut, O.W.M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69: 1–213.
• Remane, A. 1952. Die Grundlagen des natürlichen Systems, der vergleichenden Anatomie und der Phylogenetik. vi + 400 pp. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig.
• Rowe, T. and Gauthier, J. 1990. Ceratosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 151–168. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Scheid, P. 1979. Mechanisms of gas exchange in bird lungs. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 86: 137–186.
• Seeley, H.G. 1870. On Ornithopsis, a gigantic animal of the pterodactyle kind from the Wealden. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 5: 279–283.
• Sereno, P.C., Beck, A.L., Dutheil, D.B., Larsson, H.C.L, Lyon, G.H., Moussa, B., Sadleir, R.W., Sidor, C.A., Varricchio, D.J., Wilson, G.P., and Wilson, J.A. 1999. Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286: 1342–1347.
• Sereno, P.C., Martinez, R.N., Wilson, J.A., Varricchio, D.J., Alcober, O.A., and Larsson, H.C.E. 2008. Evidence for avian intrathoracic air sacs in a new predatory dinosaur from Argentina. PLoS ONE 3 (9): e3303.
• Taylor, M.P. and Naish, D. 2007. An unusual new neosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hastings Beds Group of East Sussex, England. Palaeontology 50: 1547–1564.
• Taylor, M.P., Upchurch, P., Yates, A.M., Wedel, M.J., and Naish, D. (in press). Sauropodomorpha. In: K. de Queiroz, P.D. Cantino, and J.A. Gauthier (eds.), Phylonyms: a Companion to the PhyloCode. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Wedel, M.J. 2003a. Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs. Paleobiology 29: 243–255.
• Wedel, M.J. 2003b. The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 344–357.
• Wedel, M.J. 2005. Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates. In: J.A. Wilson and K. Curry−Rogers (eds.), The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology, 201–228. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Wedel, M.J. 2007. What pneumaticity tells us about “prosauropods”, and vice versa. Special Papers in Palaeontology 77: 207–222.
• Wedel, M.J. 2009. Evidence for bird−like air sacs in saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Experimental Zoology 311A: 611–628.
• Wedel, M.J., Cifelli, R.L., and Sanders, R.K. 2000. Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45: 343–388.
• Wilson, J.A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleonotology 19: 639–653.
• Wilson, J.A. and Sereno, P.C. 1998. Early Evolution and higher−level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 5: 1–68.
• Witmer, L.M. 1997. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft−tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 3: 1–73.
• Yates, A.M. 2003. A new species of the primitive dinosaur, Thecodontosaurus(Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 1–42.
• Yates, A.M. 2007. Solving a dinosaurian puzzle: the identity of Aliwalia rex Galton. Historical Biology 19: 93–123.
• Yates, A.M., Bonnan, M.F., Neveling, J., Chinsamy, A., and Blackbeard, M.G. 2010. A new transitional sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa and the evolution of sauropod feeding and quadrupedalism.Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 787–794.
• Yates, A.M. and Kitching, J.W. 2003. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps toward sauropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 270: 1753–1758.
• Zhang, Y.−H. 1988. The Middle Jurassic Dinosaur Fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan: Sauropod Dinosaurs (1). Shunosaurus [in Chinese with English summary]. 89 pp. Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu.