Correlations between anthropometric characteristics, heart rate and the results of the 8-second skipping with hand clapping (SHC) test in preschool children

• Autorzy: Podstawski R. , Konopka S. , Mankowski S. , Choszcz D. , Boryslawski K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Introduction. Anthropometric measurements and the BMI are taken into account in the process of developing physical fitness tests for children. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to describe the relationships between the anthropometric characteristics (body mass, body height, length of lower and upper limbs), BMI and speed abilities of preschool boys and girls performing the 8-second skipping with hand clapping (8-s SHC) test. The increase in HR during the test was also determined. Material and Methods. The test involved 60 girls and 57 boys aged 68.2 ± 11.33 months (min. – 56, max – 89). Their body mass, body height, length of lower and upper limbs and BMI were determined, and their speed abilities were evaluated with a 8-s SHC test. The participants’ HR was measured before and after the test, and the exercise-induced increase in HR was calculated. The basic statistics were determined for all evaluated parameters and the coefficients of correlation between anthropometric features, HR, and the number of claps during the test were calculated. Results. Among the analyzed parameters, only body mass and BMI were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Mean HR increased during the 8-s SHC test in both girls and boys (to 149.40 and 152.9 bpm, respectively). The number of claps during the 8-s SK test increased significantly with an increase in the values of anthropometric measurements. Significant correlations between the analyzed parameters were not determined only for BMI and heart rate after the 8-s SK test. Conclusions. Anthropometric characteristics such as body mass, body height, length of lower and upper limbs significantly influenced the speed abilities of kindergarteners performing the 8-s SK test, whereas BMI was not significantly correlated with the results of the test.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

correlation; anthropometric measurement; body mass index; heart rate; motor test; speed ability; skipping with hand clapping; pre-school child; child

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Trends in Sport Sciences
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 23
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.25-31,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Podstawski R.

• Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Konopka S.

• Department of Heavy Duty Machines and Research Methodology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Mankowski S.

• Department of Heavy Duty Machines and Research Methodology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Choszcz D.

• Department of Heavy Duty Machines and Research Methodology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Boryslawski K.

• Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Butcher JE, Eaton WO. Gross and fine motor proficiency in preschoolers: relationships with free play behavior and activity level. J Hum Mov Stud. 1989; 16: 27-36.
• 2. De Toia D, Klein D, Weber SN, et al. Graf. Relationship between anthropometry and motor abilities at pre-school age. Obesity Facts. 2009; 2(4): 221-225.
• 3. Biddle S, Sallis JF, Cavill NA. Young and active? Young people and health-enhancing physical activity: evidence and implications. London: Health Education Authority; 1998.
• 4. Fiørtoft I. Motor fitness in pre-primary school children: the EUROFIT motor fitness test explored on 5-7-year old children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2000; 12: 424-436.
• 5. Franjko I, Žuvela F, Kuna D, et al. Relations between some anthropometric characteristics and fundamental movement skills in eight-year-old children. Croatian Journal of Education. 2013; 15(4): 195-209.
• 6. Milanese Ch, Bortolami O, Bertucco M, et al. Anthropometry and motor fitness in children aged 6-12 years. JHSE. 2010; 5: 265-279.
• 7. Podstawski R, Borysławski K. Relationships between selected anthropometric features and motor abilities of children aged 7-9. Clinical Kinesiology. 2012; 66(4): 82-90.
• 8. D’Hondt E, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, et al. Relationship between motor skill and body mass index in 5- to 10-year-old children. APAQ. 2009; 26: 21-37.
• 9. Podstawski R, Borysławski K, Grymuza E. Ocena związków pomiędzy rozwojem fizycznym a zdolnościami szybkościowymi dzieci z klas I-III dla potrzeb sprawiedliwego formułowania wymagań wobec uczniów na zajęciach w-f (Relationships between physical development and speed abilities of primary school children from grades I-III, for the formulation of fair requirements of student assessment in PE classes), Aktywność ruchowa ludzi w różnym wieku. 2010; 14: 103-114.
• 10. Bénéfice E, Ndiaye G. Relationships between anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness indices and physical activity levels in different age and sex groups in rural Senegal (West Africa). Ann Hum Biol. 2005; 32: 366-382.
• 11. Krombholz H. The motor and cognitive development of overweight preschool children. Early Years. 2011; 32(1): 61-70.
• 12. Krombholz H. Physical performance in relation to age, sex, birth order, social class, and sport activities of preschool children. Percept Motor Skills. 2006; 102: 477-484.
• 13. Trajkovski-Višić B, Malacko J, Tomijenović B. The differences between pre-primary school girls and boys regarding their morphological and motor abilities. Acta Kinesiol. 2011; 5(1): 53-56.
• 14. Dencker M, Andersen LB. Health-related aspects of objectively measured daily physical activity in children. J Sport Med. 2008; 28: 113-144.
• 15. Bray GA. Medical consequences of obesity. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2004; 89: 2583-2589.
• 16. Chiodera P, Volta E, Gobbi G, et al. Specifically designed physical exercise programs improve children’s motor abilities. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2008; 18: 179-187.
• 17. Casajǔs JA, Leivia MT, Villaroya A, et al. Physical performance and school physical education in overweight Spanish children. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007; 51: 288-296.
• 18. Deforche BI, Lefevre J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, et al. Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth. Obes Res. 2003; 11: 434-441.
• 19. Graf C, Koch B, Falkowski G, et al. Effect of a schoolbased intervention on BMI and motor abilities in childhood. J Sport Sci Med. 2005; 4: 291-299.
• 20. Church TS, Earnest CP, Skinner JS, et al. Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. JAMA. 2007; 297: 2081-2091.
• 21. Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1197-1209.
• 22. Pilicz S, Przewęda R, Dobosz J, et al. Physical fitness score tables of polish youth. criteria for measuring aerobic capacity by the Cooper Test. Studies and Monographs. Warszawa: AWF Press; 2002.
• 23. Podstawski R, Choszcz D, Wysocka-Welanc M. Próba opracowania metody trafności testu wytrzymałości czasu krótkiego oraz analiza wpływu treningu na czas pokonania dystansu ergometrem wioślarskim na przykładzie studentów Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie (Assessing the adequacy of short-term endurance capacity measurement and analysis of the impact of training on rowing ergometer results of University of Warmia and Mazury students). JKES. 2009; 19(46): 55-65.
• 24. Szopa J, Chwała W, Ruchlewicz T. Investigations on structure of “Energetic” motor abilities and validity of their testing. IKES. 1998; 18(17): 3-41.
• 25. Pilicz S. Pomiar ogólnej sprawności fizycznej (Measurements of general physical fitness). Warszawa: AWF; 1997.
• 26. Broer MR, Galles NRG. Importance of relationship between various body measurements in performance of Toe-Touch Test. Res Quart. 1958; 29: 253-263.
• 27. Kippers V, Parker AW. Toe-Touch Test. A measure of its validity. Phys Ther. 1987; 67(11): 1680-1684.
• 28. Gauvin MG, Riddle DL, Rothstein JM. Reliability of clinical measurements of forward bending using the modified fingertip-to-floor method. Phys Ther. 1990; 70(7): 443-447.
• 29. Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, et al. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ. 2007; (Online version), doi: 10.1136/bmj.39944455.
• 30. Zuchora K. Indeks sprawności fizycznej (Physical Fitness Index). Warszawa: Norm Press; 1982.
• 31. Frandkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM. Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2010; 24(1): 140-148.
• 32. Okely AD, Booth ML, Chey T. Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2004; 75: 238-247.
• 33. Southall JE, Okely AD, Steele JR. Actual and perceived physical competence in overweight and non-overweight children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2004; 16: 15-24.
• 34. D’Hondt E, Deforche B., Vaeyens R, et al. Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in 5- to 12-year-old boys and girls: A cross-sectional study. IJPO. 2011; 6(2): 556-564.
• 35. Silinig M, Adair LS, Goldman BD, Borja JB, Bentley M. Infant overweight is associated with delayed motor development. J Pediatr. 2010; 157(1): 20-25.
• 36. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, et al. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest. 2008; 60, 290-306.
• 37. Reilly JJ, McDowell ZC. Physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity: systematic review and critical appraisal. P Nutr Soc. 2003; 62: 611-619.
• 38. Flynn MAT, McNeil DA, Malof B. et al. Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: A synthesis of evidence with ‘best practice’ recommendations. Obes Rev. 2006; 7(1): 7-66.
• 39. Tomkinson GR. Global changes in anaerobic fitness test performance of children and adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2007; 17: 497-507.
• 40. Jaskólski A. Wysiłek fizyczny dzieci i młodzieży (Physical activity in children and adolescents). In: Jaskólski A, Jaskólska A, eds., Podstawy fizjologii wysiłku fizycznego z zarysem fizjologii człowieka (Physiology of physical exercise and an outline of human physiology). Wrocław; AWF: 2006. pp. 337-374.
• 41. Rowland TW. Exercise and children’s health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1990.
• 42. Schieken RM, Clarke WR, Lauer RM. The cardiovascular response to exercise in children across the blood pressure distribution. The Muscatine Study. Hypertension. 1983; 5: 71-78.
• 43. Turley KR. Cardiovascular response to exercise in children. Sports Med. 1997; 24(4): 241-257.
• 44. Mynarski W. Struktura wewnętrzna zdolności motorycznych dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 8-18 lat. (Internal structure of motor abilities in children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years). In: Raczek J, ed., Studia nad motorycznością ludzką. Katowice: AWF Press; 2000. pp. 9-34.
• 45. Podstawski R, Honkanen A, Boraczyński T, et al. Physical fitness classification standards for Polish early education teachers. SAJRSPER. 2015; 37(1): 113-130.
• 46. Podstawski R. Sprawność fizyczna i opinie na temat profilaktyki zagrożeń zdrowia studentów pierwszego roku Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie w roku akademickim 1999/2000 (Physical fitness and opinions on health prevention among 1st-year students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in the academic year of 1999/2000). Olsztyn: UWM Press; 2006.