Ocena potencjału biologicznego i klinicznego diety paleolitycznej

• Autorzy: Kowalski L.M. , Bujko J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Evaluation of biological and clinical potential of paleolithic diet

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Rosnąca liczba dowodów sugeruje, że pożywienie konsumowane regularnie przez większą część ewolucji naczelnych i człowieka, szczególnie w Paleolicie (2,6 – 0,01 x 10 6 lat temu), może być optymalne dla prewencji i leczenia niektórych chorób przewlekłych. Jednakże, we współczesnych zachodnich populacjach co najmniej 70% dziennego spożycia stanowi pożywienie rzadko lub nigdy nie konsumowane przez paleolitycznych łowców-zbieraczy, włączając zboża, produkty nabiałowe oraz rafinowane cukry i wysokoprzetworzone tłuszcze. Dodatkowo, w oparciu o ostatnio opublikowane oszacowania spożycia makroskładników i kwasów tłuszczowych we Wschodnioafrykańskiej diecie paleolitycznej, diety paleolityczne w porównaniu do diet zachodnich zawierały więcej białka i długołańcuchowych wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych oraz mniej kwasu linolowego. Badania obserwacyjne łowców-zbieraczy i innych populacji niezachodnich wspierają pogląd, że paleolityczny typ diety może zmniejszać ryzyko chorób sercowo-naczyniowych, zespołu metabolicznego, cukrzycy typu 2, nowotworów, trądziku pospolitego i krótkowzroczności. Wstępne badania interwencyjne z użyciem współczesnej diety opartej na paleolitycznych grupach pożywienia również wykazały obiecujące rezultaty z korzystnymi zmianami czynników ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy. Rosnąca liczba dowodów wspiera pogląd, że spożycie wysokoglikemicznej żywności i insulinotropowych produktów nabiałowych jest związane z patogenezą i progresją trądziku pospolitego w krajach zachodnich. W tym kontekście, wartość terapeutyczną może mieć naśladowanie cech charakterystycznych diet łowców-zbieraczy i innych niezachodnich populacji. Dodatkowo, większa liczba badań jest potrzebna do określenia wpływu gliadyny, różnych lektyn i saponin na przepuszczalność jelitową i patogenezę chorób autoimmunologicznych.

EN

Accumulating evidences suggest that foods that were regularly consumed during the human primates and evolution, in particular during the Paleolithic era (2.6 – 0.01 x 10 6 years ago), may be optimal for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases. It has been postulated that fundamental changes in the diet and other lifestyle conditions that occurred after the Neolithic Revolution, and more recently with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution are too recent taking into account the evolutionary time scale for the human genome to have completely adjust. In contemporary Western populations at least 70% of daily energy intake is provided by foods that were rarely or never consumed by Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, including grains, dairy products as well as refined sugars and highly processed fats. Additionally, compared with Western diets, Paleolithic diets, based on recently published estimates of macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet, contained more proteins and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and less linoleic acid. Observational studies of hunter-gatherers and other non-western populations lend support to the notion that a Paleolithic type diet may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer , acne vulgaris and myopia. Moreover, preliminary intervention studies using contemporary diet based on Paleolithic food groups (meat, fish, shell - fish, fresh fruits and vegetables, roots, tubers, eggs, and nuts), revealed promising results including favorable changes in risk factors, such as weight, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. Low calcium intake, which is often considered as a potential disadvantage of the Paleolithic diet model, should be weighed against the low content of phytates and the low content of sodium chloride, as well as the high amount of net base yielding vegetables and fruits. Increasing number of evidences supports the view that intake of high glycemic foods and insulinotropic dairy products is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of acne vulgaris in Western countries. In this context, diets that mimic the nutritional characteristics of diets found in hunter-gatherers and other non-western populations may have therapeutic value in treating acne vulgaris. Additionally, more studies is needed to determine the impact of gliadin, specific lectins and saponins on intestinal permeability and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

zywienie czlowieka; dieta; ewolucja czlowieka; promocja zdrowia; choroby przewlekle; paleolit; choroby czlowieka; patogeneza

EN

human nutrition; diet; human evolution; health promotion; chronic disease; Paleolithic; human disease; pathogenesis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 63
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.9-15,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalski L.M.

• Wydział Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, ul.Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Bujko J.

• Wydział Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, ul.Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warszawa

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