Phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. and Scherb. A reviev

• Autorzy: Ozarowski M. , Przystanowicz J. , Adamczak A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Badania fitochemiczne, farmakologiczne i kliniczne nad Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. and Scherb. Przegląd

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Preparations from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (common butterbur) have a long history of use in folk medicine in treatment of several diseases as anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic drugs. Extracts from this species are of interest to researchers in the field of phytopharmacology due to their biologically active compounds, particularly two eremophilane sesquiterpenes (petasin and isopetasin), which are contained not only in rhizomes and roots, but also in leaves. Moreover, P. hybridus contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which showed hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Hence, special extracts devoid of alkaloids obtained by sub- and super-critic carbon dioxide extraction were used in the preclinical, clinical studies and phytotherapy. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of pharmacological as well as clinical trials of P. hybridus, carried out in 2000–2013. Also several studies of other species used in non-European countries have been included. Besides, the botanical description of Petasites genus and phytochemical characteristic of P. hybridus and toxicological studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids as well as chemical profile of patented commercial extracts from rhizomes, roots and leaves of this species used in European phytotherapy have been performed. In this review, attention has also been paid to the promising and potential application of special extracts of P. hybridus not only in the prevention of migraine, treatment of allergic rhinitis symptoms, asthma and hypertension, but also in prevention and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases developing with the inflammatory process in the CNS as a new therapeutic strategy. In fact, there is already an evidence of promising properties of P. hybridus extracts and sesquiterpens – decrease in the prostaglandins and leukotrienes release, inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, as well as antagonism of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. In order to explain the new mechanisms of action of P. hybridus extracts in the CNS and their future application in phytotherapy of diseases with neuroinflammatory process, further studies should be performed.

PL

Przetwory z kłączy lepiężnika różowego (Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.) mają długą historię stosowania w medycynie ludowej jako środki o działaniu przeciwzapalnym i spazmolitycznym w leczeniu różnych chorób. Ekstrakty uzyskane z omawianego gatunku są interesujące z punktu widzenia badań fitofarmakologicznych ze względu na obecność licznych związków biologicznie czynnych, głównie seskwiterpenów z grupy eremofilanów: petazyny i izopetazyny. Wspomniane substancje występują nie tylko w kłączach i korzeniach, ale także w liściach lepiężnika różowego. Ponadto, P. hybridus zawiera alkaloidy pirolizydynowe, które wykazują właściwości hepatotoksyczne, karcinogenne oraz mutagenne. Dlatego w badaniach przedklinicznych i klinicznych oraz fitoterapii są stosowane ekstrakty specjalne pozbawione tych związków, które otrzymuje się metodami ekstrakcji dwutlenkiem węgla w stanie podkrytycznym lub nadkrytycznym. Celem niniejszej pracy był przegląd danych bibliograficznych, z zakresu badań farmakologicznych, toksykologicznych oraz klinicznych lepiężnika różowego, przeprowadzonych w latach 2000–2013. Uwzględniono również kilka prac dotyczących gatunków stosowanych poza Europą. Dokonano opisu botanicznego rodzaju Petasites oraz charakterystyki fitochemicznej P. hybridus, a także przedstawiono profil chemiczny opatentowanych komercyjnych ekstraktów z kłączy, korzeni i liści lepiężnika różowego, stosowanych w europejskiej fitoterapii. W pracy przeglądowej zwrócono uwagę na możliwość zastosowania specjalnych ekstraktów z P. hybridus nie tylko w prewencji migreny, leczeniu objawów kataru alergicznego, astmy czy nadciśnienia, lecz także w zapobieganiu lub spowalnianiu postępu chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, przebiegających ze stanem zapalnym w OUN. Istnieją już dowody na obiecujące właściwości seskwiterpenów i ekstraktów z lepiężnika różowego – zmniejszanie uwalniania prostaglandyn i leukotrienów, hamowanie aktywności COX-1 i COX-2 oraz antagonizm wobec kanałów wapniowych bramkowanych napięciem typu L. Konieczne jest jednak przeprowadzenie dalszych badań farmakologicznych ekstraktów P. hybridus, celem wyjaśnienia nowych mechanizmów działania w OUN oraz ich przyszłego zastosowania w fitoterapii chorób ośrodkowego układu nerwowego przebiegających z procesem zapalnym.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phytochemical research; pharmacological research; clinical research; Petasites hybridus; plant extract; sesquiterpene; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; allergic rhinitis; safety; toxicology

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Herba Polonica
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 59
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.108-128,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ozarowski M.

• Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Sw.Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861 Poznan, Poland
• Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Biology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Libelta 27, 61-707 Poznan, Poland

autor

Przystanowicz J.

• Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland

autor

Adamczak A.

• Team of Botany and Agriculture of Medicinal Plants, Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska/Poznan, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/hepo-2013-0028