Pulmonary cytotoxicity of secondary metabolites of Stachybotrys chartarum [Ehrenb.] hughes

• Autorzy: Pieckova E. , Hurbankova M. , Cerna S. , Pivovarova Z. , Kovacikova Z.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Damp dwellings represent suitable conditions for extended indoor moulds. A cellulolytic micromycete Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) Hughes is considered to be a tertiary colonizer of surfaces in affected buildings. Known adverse health effects of S. chartarum result from its toxins – trichothecenes or atranones, as well as spirolactams. Mechanism of their potential pathological effects on the respiratory tract has not yet been sufficiently clarified. The cytotoxic effects of complex chloroform-extractable endo- (in biomass) and exometabolites (in cultivation medium) of an indoor S. chartarum isolate of an atranone chemotype, grown on a liquid medium with yeast extract and sucrose at 25oC for 14 d, on lung tissue were evaluated in the 3-day experiment. For the purpose, 4 mg of toxicants were intratracheally instilled in 200 g Wistar male rats. A trichothecene mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol was used as the positive control. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) parameters - viability and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM), activity of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin D in cell-free BAL fluid (BALF), as well as in BAL cells, were measured. Acute exposure to the metabolites caused statistically significant changes, indicating lung tissue injury in the experimental animals. Decreased AM viability and increased activity of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D in BAL cells after fungal exometabolite exposure were the most impressive. As toxic principles were found predominantly in the growth medium, toxins were more likely responsible for lung cell damage than e.g. fungal cell wall components. S. chartarum toxic metabolites can contribute to the ill health of occupants of mouldy building after inhalation of contaminated aerosol.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

mould; secondary metabolite; Stachybotrys chartarum; pulmonary cytotoxicity; damp indoor environment; micromycete; rat; respiratory toxicity; damp environment

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.259-262,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Pieckova E.

• Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, SK-833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia

autor

Hurbankova M.

autor

Cerna S.

autor

Pivovarova Z.

autor

Kovacikova Z.

Bibliografia

• 1. Andersen B, Nielsen KF, Jarvis BB: Characterization of Stachybotrys from water-damaged buildings based on morphology, growth, and metabolite production. Mycologia 2002, 94, 392-403.
• 2. Andersson MA, Nikulin M, Koljalg U, Andersson MC, Rainey F, Reijula K, Hintikka EL, Salkinoja-Salonen M: Bacteria, molds, and toxins in water-damaged building materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997, 63, 387-393.
• 3. Betina V: Mycotoxins. Chemical, Biological and Environmental Aspects. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1989.
• 4. Dearborn DG: Pulmonary hemorrhage in infants and children. Curr Opin Pediatr 1997, 9, 219-224.
• 5. Drent M, Cobben NAM, Henderson RF, Wounters EFM, Van Dieijen-Visser MP: Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung tissue damage or inflammation. Eur Respir J 1996, 9, 1736–1742.
• 6. Dziedzic D, Wheeler CS, Gross KB: Broncholaveolar lavage: detecting markers of lung injury. In: Corn M (Ed.): Handbook of Hazardous Materials, 99-111. Academic Press, New York 1993.
• 7. Etzel R, Rylander R: Indoor mold and children’s health. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107, S463.
• 8. Fornůsek L, Větvička V, Kopeček J: Phagocytosis of the peritoneal leukocytes – a new single method. Immunol Zpravodaj 1982, 13, 67-68.
• 9. Gravesen S, Nielsen PA, Iversen R, Nielsen KF: Microfungal contamination of damp buildings - examples of risk constructions and risk materials. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107, S505-S508.
• 10. Hendry KM, Cole EC: A review of mycotoxins in indoor air. J Toxicol Environ Health 1993, 38, 183-198.
• 11. Hinkley SF, Mazzola EP, Fettinger JC, Lam Y-F, Jarvis BB: Atranones A – G, from the toxigenic mold Stachybotrys chartarum. Phytochemistry 2000, 55, 663-673.
• 12. Hurbánková M: Bronchoalveolar lavage used in pulmonary diseases induced by mineral dusts’ exposition in humans and in the experiments. Čes Prac Lék 2005, 1, 33-37 (in Slovakian).
• 13. Hurbánková M, Kaiglová A: Compared effects of asbestos and wollastonite fibrous dusts on various biological parameters measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Trace Microprob Techn 1999, 17, 233-243.
• 14. Jarvis B: Chemistry and toxicology of Stachybotrys. In: Abstract Book of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology Conference, San Antonio, 25-29 May 2003, 253.
• 15. Jarvis BB, Salemme J, Morais A: Stachybotrys toxins. 1. Nat. Toxins 1995, 3, 10-16.
• 16. Johanning E, Biagini R, Hull D, Morey P, Jarvis B, Landsbergis P: Health and immunology study following exposure to toxigenic fungi (Stachybotrys chartarum) in a water-damaged office environment. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1996, 68, 207-218.
• 17. Khan MF, Gupta GS: Cellular and biochemical indices of bronchoalveolar lavage for detection of lung injury following insult by airborne toxicants. Toxicol Lett 1991, 58, 239-255.
• 18. Kuhn DM, Ghannoum MA: Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003, 16, 144-172.
• 19. Miller JD, Laflamme AM, Sobol Y, Lafontaine P, Greenalgh R: Fungi and fungal products in some Canadian houses. Int Biodeterior 1988, 24, 103-120.
• 20. Myrvik QN, Leake ES, Farris B: Studies on pulmonary alveolar macrophages from the normal rabbit. A technique to procedure them in a high state of purity. J Immunol 1961, 86, 128-132.
• 21. Navarová J, Nosáľová V: Effect of H2 receptor antagonists on indomethacin - induced lysosomal enzyme release from rat gastric mucosa. Meth Fin Exp Clin Pharmacol 1994, 16, 119-124.
• 22. Nikulin M, Reijula K, Jarvis BB, Hintikka EL: Experimental lung mycotoxicoxis in mice induced by Stachybotrys atra. Int J Exp Pathol 1996, 77, 213-218.
• 23. Nikulin M, Reijula K, Jarvis BB, Veijalainen P, Hintikka EL: Effects of intranasal exposure to spores of Stachybotrys atra in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997, 35, 182-188.
• 24. Nolard N: Indoor moulds: a public health problem in Belgium: overview of 15 years´ experience. In: Johanning E (Ed.): Bioaerosols, Fungi and Mycotoxins: Health Effects, Assessment, Prevention and Control, 48-53. Eastern New York Occupational and Environmental Health Center, Albany 1999.
• 25. Ožegovič L, Pepeljnjak S: Mycotoxicoses. Školska knjiga. Zagreb 1995 (in Croatian).
• 26. Piecková E, Hurbánková M, Pivovarová Z, Černá S, Kováčiková Z, Lišková A, Wilkins K, Tátrai E: Toxic effects of Stachybotrys chartarum. In: Trends in Medical Mycology. Abstract Book of the Joint Meeting of the Nineth Congress of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology and the Seventh Trends in Invasive Fungal Infections, Amsterdam, 28 September-1 October 2003, 35-36.
• 27. Piecková E, Jesenská Z: Molds on house walls and the effect of their chloroform-extractable metabolites on the respiratory cilia movement of one-day-old chicks in vitro. Folia Microbiol 1998, 73, 672-678.
• 28. Piecková E, Jesenská Z: Microscopic fungi in dwellings and their health implications in humans. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999, 6, 1-11.
• 29. Piecková E, Pivovarová Z, Hurbánková M, Černá S, Kováčiková Z, Lišková A, Tátrai E, Šegvič-Klarič M: Indoor Stachybotrys chartarum and its toxicity. In: Petráš D, Feketeová M, Šabíková J (Eds): Health, Comfort and Safety by Operation of HVAC-R Systems. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Indoor Climate of Buildings’ 04, Slovak Society of Environmental Technology, Štrbské Pleso, 21-24 November 2004, 167-171. Slovak Society of Environmental Technology, Bratislava 2004.
• 30. Rao CY, Burge HA, Brain JD: The time course of responses to intratracheally instilled toxic Stachybotrys chartarum spores in rats. Mycopathol 2000, 149, 27-34.
• 31. Tarkowski M, Górski P: Macrophage activity in asbestos related diseases. Polish Occup Med Environ Health 1991, 4, 115-125.
• 32. Trout D, Bernstein J, Martinez K, Biagini R, Wallingford K: Bioaerosol lung damage in a worker with repeated exposure to fungi in a water-damaged bulding. Environ Health Perspect 2001, 109, 641-644.
• 33. Tuomi T, Reijula K, Johnsson T, Hemminki K, Hintikka EL, Lindroos O, Kalso S, Koukila-Kahkola P, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Haahtela T: Mycotoxins in crude building materials from water damaged buildings. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000, 66, 1899-1904.
• 34. Weidenbörner M: Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2001.