PL
Pojęcie gospodarki przestrzennej funkcjonujące od wielu lat w literaturze naukowej, praktyce planistycznej i publicystyce nie zostało jednoznacznie zdefiniowane. Sytuacja ta jest wynikiem odmiennego postrzegania istoty zachowań przestrzennych człowieka przez badaczy wywodzących się z odrębnych dyscyplin naukowych. Trudno oprzeć się wrażeniu, że brak jednolitego stanowiska w sprawie definicji wystawia na próbę skuteczność interdyscyplinarnego charakteru badań gospodarki przestrzennej. Zdaniem autora, nie jest to problem wyłącznie teoretyczny, zwłaszcza że dotyczy tak ważnej dla każdego państwa działalności praktycznej jaką stanowi kształtowanie przestrzeni.
EN
An example of difficulties with a precise defining of terms is the term of physical economy used in the scientific and planning literature and in publications. In the works of the authors connected with this discipline, several dozen definitions may be found, differing one from another in their essence, scope, degree of generalization, etc. It may by felt that that there is a specific creative rivalry among the representatives of many scientific and technical branches. In the most popular definitions, an emphasis on one of the leading factors, for instace the economic, social or ecological one or on a group of these factors has been laid in order to stress a thesis of indivisibility of the geographical space. The ambiguity of the term not only cannot bring us closer to the bottom of things on the physical economy, but frequently makes more difficult to understand this problem, or even makes impossible to distinguish it from other related fields, for instance from the physical or regional planning, geographical sciences, etc. One of the paradoxes in this situation is the fact that the term of the discipline having so rich achievements still does not ezist in any encyclopedical publications. Taking as a basis the fact that all sorts of phenomena arising on the earth (among them als the economic ones) have their physical aspect, it would be uscfull to touch also the problem of a close connection between the physical and national economy. The national economy consists of economic elements divided into four sectors: production, division, turnover and consumption. An essential characteristic which distinguishes the physical economy is its considerably larger scope of problems comprising also those of demography, settlement and natural environment. In this understanding, the pysical economy cannot be a sub-class of nationaol economy (as it is considered by many authors) but, on the contrary, it is der- cidedly superior to the national economy, taking into account its richness of meanings which are much closer to the rerely used term of national economy, taking into account its richness of meanings which arc much closer to the rerely used term of national economy. Altohough these both terms have a common objects (environment, populaton, economy), the difference between them results from the criterion of quality. If the national economu is a system of the above mentioned elements, the physical economy may be equated to the mechanism which regulates and integrates the functioning of particular elements of this system.