Effects of brood size manipulation on physiological condition of nestling Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus

• Autorzy: Banbura J , Skwarska J. , Kalinski A. , Wawrzyniak J. , Slomczynski R. , Banbura M. , Zielinski P.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wplyw manipulacji liczba pisklat w legu na ich kondycje fizjologiczna u modraszki

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Producing high quality offspring of good physiological performance, able to survive to independence and, then, to reproductive maturity is a major component of life history strategies. The ability of nestling altricial birds to develop a good physiological condition depends to a large extent on the amount and quality of food provided by parents, as well as other aspects of parental care. We hypothesized that experimental changes to the original brood size should affect both parental Blue Tits and their offspring, resulting in corresponding changes in the body condition of the nestlings. Over two breeding seasons, using two habitat sites, we conducted an experiment with two manipulative treatments applied to broods of three-day-old nestlings — the reduction or enlargement of broods by three nestlings, and one non-manipulative control treatment. Our aim was to test whether the experiment would affect a number of different measures of nestling condition: blood concentrations of hemoglobin and glucose, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and morphometric condition index, all being analyzed when the nestlings were 13 days old. We found no effect in the case of hemoglobin, despite the fact that it had previously been shown to be sensitive to large-scale differences in trophic conditions between habitats and years and to the experimental removal of nest parasites. All the remaining variables, i.e. heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glucose concentration and morphometric condition index, responded to the experimental treatments, showing different but reasonable patterns of variation. We suggest that an experimental increase in brood size definitely hinders the development of nestling physiological condition, but even an experimental reduction of broods can affect some physiological indicators (glucose), probably because of readjustments in the feeding rate.

PL

Eksperyment przeprowadzono w latach 2005-2006 w dwóch środowiskach, parkowo-ogrodowym i leśnym, w ramach długoterminowego projektu badań nad sikorami w Łodzi i okolicy. W obu środowiskach zlokalizowane są powierzchnie badawcze zaopatrzone w drewniane skrzynki lęgowe, zasiedlane przez dziuplaki wtórne. Na lęgach modraszki przeprowadzono eksperyment polegający na zmianie wielkości lęgów o 3 pisklęta w trzecim dniu po wykluciu. Znajdujące się w tym samym stadium lęgi (n = 135) losowo przypisywano do zabiegów zmniejszania (n = 29) i zwiększania (n = 29) oraz roli kontrolnej (n = 77). Zabieg doświadczalny, rok i środowisko były traktowane jako czynniki, zaś jako zmienne zależne przyjęto następujące charakterystyki: stężenie hemoglobiny, stosunek liczby heterofili do limfocytów, stężenie glukozy we krwi, morfometryczny indeks kondycji (wartości resztowe z regresji masy ciała na długość skrzydła) oraz sukces wylotu (proporcja liczby podlotów w stosunku do zmienionej w wyniku zabiegu eksperymentalnego wielkości lęgu). Zmienne zależne uzyskano w wyniku badania krwi i pomiarów morfometrycznych 13-dniowych piskląt, dla podprób 5 osobników na gniazdo. Dla każdej podpróby wyliczano średnią, która była traktowana jako obserwacja jednostkowa. Nie wykryto wpływu eksperymentu na średnie stężenie hemoglobiny Wykryto istotny wpływ na stosunek heterofili do limfocytów, stężenie glukozy, morfometryczny indeks kondycji i sukces wylotu. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1). Poza wpływem czynnika eksperymentalnego w niektórych przypadkach istotny okazał się także wpływ roku, środowiska i interakcji czynników. W sumie wyniki tworzą skomplikowany, ale dający się zrozumiale interpretować wzorzec. Poszczególne zmienne zależne reagowały na czynnik eksperymentalny w odmienny sposób, co wydaje się mieć związek z odmienną skalą czasową i fizjologicznym poziomem ich kształtowania się w trakcie życia piskląt.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

glucose; hemoglobin; ornithology; Blue Tit; physiological condition; Cyanistes caeruleus; lymphocyte; heterophil; brood size manipulation; bird; nestling

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.129-138,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Banbura J

• University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland

autor

Skwarska J.

autor

Kalinski A.

autor

Wawrzyniak J.

autor

Slomczynski R.

autor

Banbura M.

autor

Zielinski P.

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