Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus pedicellata

• Autorzy: Bujarska-Borkowska B
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The effects of stratification and scarification on seed dormancy breaking were compared in scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. = C. coccinea L). Ripe fruits were collected (in October) and the extracted nutlets were cleaned, and dried to a moisture content of 9–12%. Seed dormancy in this species was broken most effectively by warm-followed-by-cold stratification of nutlets, in a substrate or without any substrate, as well as at 15~25° or 20~30°C, i.e. with a cyclically alternating warm stage (16+8 hrs or 24+24 hrs/cycle) lasting 16–20 weeks, followed by the cold stage at 3°C lasting ca. 20 weeks, i.e. till the appearance of the first germinating seeds. After stratification, emergence rate is equally high (ca 76%) at cyclically alternating temperatures of 3~15°C or 3~20°C (16+8 hrs). Chemical scarification of nutlets in 96% sulphuric acid for 2 hrs, followed by warm-cold stratification at 20~30°/3°C, with a short, 4-weeks warm stage, also ensures a high emergence rate (85–93%). Seed desiccation (in nutlets) slowly to moisture content of 12–14%, after stratification in a substrate or scarification does not reduce the seedling emergence of seeds. Emergence decreased when seeds were desiccated after stratification without any substrate. Results provide new methods of breaking of dormancy and high germination and emergence of hard-coated Crataegus seeds in controlled conditions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

scarlet hawthorn; Crataegus pedicellata; seed dormancy breaking; stratification; scarification; germination; seedling emergence; desiccation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Dendrobiology
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 60
• Opis fizyczny: p.51-56,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bujarska-Borkowska B

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kornik, Poland

Bibliografia

• Baskin J.M., Baskin C.C. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14: 1–16.
• Bird R. 1990. Growing from Seed. Thompson and Morgan. Volume 4.
• Bugała W. 1991. Drzewa i krzewy (Trees and shrubs). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa.
• Bujarska-Borkowska B. 2002. Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacg.). Dendrobiology 47 suppl: 61–70.
• Bujarska-Borkowska B. 2006. Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus laevigata. Dendrobiology 56: 3–11.
• Bujarska-Borkowska B. 2007. Dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling emergence from seeds of Crataegus submollis. Dendrobiology 58: 9–15.
• Christensen K.I. 1992. Revision of Crataegus section Crataegus and nothosection Crataeguineae (Rosaceae – Maloideae) in the Old World. Systematic Botany Monographs 35, 199 pp.
• Dickinson T.A., Phipps, J.B. 1986. Studies in Crataegus (Rosaceae: Maloideae) XIV. The breeding system of Crataegus crus-galli sensu lato in Ontario. American Journal of Botany 73: 116–130.
• Hartmann H.T., Kester D.E., Davies F.T. Jr., Geneve R.L. 1997. Plant propagation: principles and practices. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 770 p.
• Kalkman C. 2004. Rosaceae. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Kubitzki, K. (ed.), Springer, Berlin, pp. 343–386.
• Lang G.A., Early J.D, Martin G.C., Darnell F.L. 1987. Endo-, Para-, and Ecodormancy: Physiological Terminology and Classification for Dormancy Research. Horticultural Science 22: 371–377.
• McMillan-Browse P. 1985. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books.
• Moerman D.E. 1998. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon.
• Moore J.W., Tryon R.M. Jr. 1946. A preliminary Check List of the Flowering plants, Ferns and Fern Allies of Minnesota Department of Botany, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 99 p.
• Nikolaeva M.G. 1967. Physiology of deep dormancy of seeds. Academy of Sciences of USSR. Komarov Botanical Institute. 220 p.
• Phipps JB. 1988. Crataegus (Maloideae, Rosaceae) of the southeastern United States:1. Introduction and series Aestivales. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 69: 401B431.
• Phipps J.B., Robertson K.R., Smith P.G., Rohrer J.R. 1990. A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 124–132.
• Phipps J.B., O’Kennon R.J., Lance R.W. 2003. Hawthorns and Medlars. Royal Horticultural Plant Collector. Guide. Timber Press. Portland. 139 p.
• Piotto B. 2002. Propagazione per seme di alberi e arbusti della flora Mediterranea. ANPA. 212 pp.
• Radford A.E., Ahles H.E., Bell C.R. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1183 p.
• Robertson K.R., Rohrer J.R., Phipps J.B., Smith P.G. 1991. A synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). Systematic Botany 16: 376–394.
• Seneta W., Dolatowski J. 2000. Dendrologia (Dendrobiology). PWN. Warszawa. 559 pp.
• Sheat W.G. 1948. Propagation of trees, shrubs and conifers. PWN. Warszawa. 479 pp.
• Suszka B., Muller C., Bonnet-Masimbert M. 1994. Seeds of forest broadleaves from harvest to swing. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa–Poznań. 299 pp.
• Tyszkiewicz S., Dąbrowska J. 1953. Stratyfikacja nasion drzew i krzewów leśnych. (Stratification of seeds of forest trees and shrubs). Roczniki Nauk Leśnych. Prace, nr 102. PWRiL, Warszawa. 155–224.
• Vines R. 1960. Trees, shrubs and woody vines of the southwest. University of Texas Press. Austin. 1104 p.
• Young J.A., Young C.G. 1992. Seeds of woody plants in North America. (Revised and enlarged edition). Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 407 pp.