A new ornithomimid dinosaur with gregarious habits from the Late Cretaceous of China

• Autorzy: Kobayashi Y , Lu J.C.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

At least fourteen ornithomimid skeletons were recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region of China. They are assigned to a new genus and species, Sinornithomimus dongi. The anatomy of the species is described. Comparative and phylogenetic studies of ornithomimosaurs prove that these skeletons represent a new taxon that is more derived than Archaeornithomimus and more basal than the clade of [(Anserimimus + Gallimimus)+[Struthiomimus + (Dromiceiomimus + Ornithomimus)]]. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the structure of the hand is similar to Archaeornithomimus and represents an intermediate condition between the primitive (Harpymimus) and the derived (Anserimimus, Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, Dromiceiomimus, and Ornithomimus) conditions. The monophyly of Ornithomimidae is supported by a single synapomorphy (arctometatarsalian condition) in this analysis, indicating that the family is not as strongly supported as previously suggested. The analysis also implies that the shape of the rhamphotheca in North American taxa may have been different from that in Asian taxa. Previous study suggests herbivorous habits of this dinosaur based on characteristics of the gastroliths. The skeletons of Sinornithomimus were collected from a single monospecific bonebed with a high ratio of juvenile individuals (11 of the 14), suggesting gregarious behavior for protection from predators. The abundance of juveniles indicates high mortality of juveniles or a catastrophic mass mortality of a population with a high proportion of juveniles. An increase in the relative ratio of the tibia to femur through the ontogeny of Sinornithomimus suggests higher cursoriality in adult individuals than in juveniles.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Cretaceous; Late Cretaceous; Theropoda; Dinosauria; China; Ornithomimosauria; gragarious habit; dinosaur; Ornithomimidae; paleontology; ornithomimid dinosaur

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: 48
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.235-259,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Kobayashi Y

• Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Fukui 911-8601 Japan

autor

Lu J.C.

Bibliografia

• Bakker, R.T., Williams, M., and Currie, P.J. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: 1–30.
• Barsbold, R. 1976. On the evolution and systematics of the late Mesozoic dinosaurs [in Russian]. In: N.N. Kramarenko (ed.), Paleontologiâ i biostratigrafiâ Mongolii. Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko−Mongolskaâ Paleontologičeskaâ Ekspediciâ, Trudy 3: 3: 68–75.
• Barsbold, R. 1981. Toothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia [in Russian]. Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko−Mongolskaâ Paleontologičeskaâ Ekspediciâ, Trudy 15: 28–39.
• Barsbold, R. 1988. A new Late Cretaceous ornithomimid from the Mongolia People’s Republic [in Russian]. Paleontologičeskij žurnal 1988 (1): 122–125.
• Barsbold, R. and Osmólska, H. 1990. Ornithomimosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 225–244. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Barsbold, R. and Perle, A. 1984. On first new find of a primitive ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous of the MPR [in Russian]. Paleontologičeskij žurnal 1984 (2): 121–123.
• Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region. 1991. Regional geology of Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region. People’s Republic of China Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Memoirs 25: 1–725.
• Carr, T.D. 1999. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebral Paleontology 19: 497–520.
• Currie, P.J. 1985. Cranial anatomy of Stenonychosaurus inequalis (Saurischia: Theropoda) and its bearing on the origin of birds. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22: 1643–1658.
• Currie, P.J. 1995. New information on the anatomy and relationships of Dromaeosaurus albertensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Vertebral Paleontology 15: 576–591.
• Currie, P.J. 1998. Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids. GAIA 15: 271–277.
• DeCourten, F.L. and Russell, D.A. 1985. A specimen of Ornithomimus velox (Theropoda, Ornithomimidae) from the terminal Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. Journal of Paleontology 59: 1091–1099.
• Gilmore, C. W. 1933. On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 67: 23–78.
• Godefroit, P., Dong, Z.−M., Bultynck, P., Li, H., and Feng, L. 1998. Sino−Belgian Cooperation Program, Cretaceous dinosaurs and mammals from Inner Mongolia. 1. New Bactrosaurus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauroidea) material from Iren Dabasu (Inner Mongolia, P.R. China). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 68: 1–70.
• Head, J.J. 2001. A reanalysis of the phylogenetic position of Eolambia caroljonesa (Dinosauria, Iguanodontia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21: 392–396.
• Holtz, T.R., Jr. 1994. The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implications for theropod systematics. Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100–1117.
• Holtz, T.R., Jr. 1998. A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. GAIA 15: 5–61.
• Horner, J.R. 1994. Comparative taphonomy of some dinosaur and extant bird colonial nesting grounds. In: K. Carpenter, K.F. Hirsch, and J.R. Horner (eds.), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, 116–123. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Horner, J.R. 1997. Behavior. In: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 45–50. Academic Press, San Diego.
• Horner, J.R. and Makela, R. 1979. Nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs. Nature 282: 296–298.
• Hurum, J.H. 2001. Lower jaw of Gallimimus bullatus. In: D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, 34–41. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
• Kobayashi, Y., Lü, J.−C., Dong, Z.−M., Barsbold, R., Azuma, Y., and Tomida, Y. 1999. Herbivorous diet in an ornithomimid dinosaur. Nature 402: 480–481.
• Kobayashi, Y., Lü, J.−C., Azuma, Y., Dong, Z.−M., and Barsbold, R. 2001. Bonebed of a new gastrolith−bearing ornithomimid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 (Supplement to 3): 68–69.
• Lambe, L.M. 1902. New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid−Cretaceous). Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3: 25–81.
• Lambe, L.M. 1914. On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. The Ottawa Naturalist 28: 13–20.
• Madsen, J.H., Jr. 1976. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Bulletin 109: 1–163.
• Makovicky, P. J. 1995. Phylogenetic aspects of the vertebral morphology of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Unpublished M.S. dissertation, Copenhagen University, Denmark.
• Makovicky, P. J. and Norell, M. A. 1998. A partial ornithomimid braincase from Ukhaa Tolgod (Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3247: 1–16.
• Makovicky, P.J., Kobayashi, Y., and Currie, P.J. (in press). Ornithomimosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Marsh, O.C. 1877. Notice on new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. The American Journal of Science, Third Series 14: 514–516.
• Marsh, O.C. 1881. Classification of the Dinosauria. The American Journal of Science, Third Series 23: 81–86.
• Marsh, O.C. 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. The American Journal of Science, Third Series 39: 81–86.
• Nicholls, E.L. and Russell, A.P. 1981. A new specimen of Struthiomimus altus from Alberta, with comments on the classificatory characters of Upper Cretaceous ornithomimids. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18: 518–526.
• Nicholls, E.L. and Russell, A.P. 1985. Structure and function of the pectoral girdle and forelimb of Struthiomimus altus (Theropoda: Ornithomimidae). Palaeontology 28: 643–677.
• Norell, M.A., Makovicky, P.J., and Currie, P.J. 2001. The beaks of ostrich dinosaurs. Nature 412: 873–874.
• Norell, M.A., Clark, J. M., and Makovicky, P. J. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships among coelurosaurian theropods. In: J. Gauthier and L.F. Gall (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom, 49–67. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven.
• Osborn, H.F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259–265.
• Osborn, H.F. 1916. Skeletal adaptation of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35: 733–771.
• Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11: 60–204.
• Osmólska, H. 1997. Ornithomimosauria. In: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 499–503. Academic Press, San Diego.
• Osmólska, H., Roniewicz, E., and Barsbold, R. 1972. A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 27: 103–143.
• Padian, K., Hutchinson, J.R., and Holtz, T.R., Jr. 1999. Phylogenetic definitions and nomenclature of the major taxonomic categories of the carnivorous Dinosauria (Theropoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 69–80.
• Parks, W. A. 1926. Struthiomimus brevitertius, a new species of dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Transactions of Royal Society of Canada 20: 65–70.
• Parks, W.A. 1928. Struthiomimus samueli, a new species of Ornithomimidae from the Belly Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 26: 1–24.
• Parks, W. A. 1933. New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 34, 1–33.
• Pérez−Moreno, B.P., Sanz, J.L., Buscalioni, A.D., Moratalla, J.J., Ortega, F., and Rasskin−Gutman, D. 1994. A unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature 370: 363–367.
• Pérez−Moreno, B.P. and Sanz, J.L. 1995. The hand of Pelecanimimus polyodon: a preliminary report. II International Symposium on Lithographic Limestones, Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Extended Abstracts), 115–117.
• Rich, T. H. and Rich, P. V. 1994. Neoceratopsians and ornithomimosaurs: dinosaurs of Gondwana origin? Research and Exploration 10: 129–131.
• Russell, D.A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1–30.
• Russell, D.A. 1972. Ostrich dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9: 375–402.
• Sereno, P.C. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher−level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210: 41–83.
• Sereno, P.C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284: 2137–2147.
• Smith, D., and Galton, P. 1990. Osteology of Archaeornithomimus asiaticus (Upper Cretaceous, Iren Dabasu Formation, People’s Republic of China). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 255–265.
• Sternberg, C.M. 1933. A new Ornithomimus with complete abdominal cuirass. Canadian Field−Naturalist 47: 79–83.
• Swofford, D.L. 2000. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer and Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
• Varricchio, D.J. and Horner, J.R. 1993. Hadrosaurid and lambeosaurid bone beds from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana: taphonomic and biologic implications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30: 997–1006.
• Witmer, L.M. 1997. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft−tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Memoir 3 17 (Supplement to 1): 1–73.
• Xu, X., Norell, M. A., Wang, X.−L., Makovicky, P. J., and Wu, X.−C. 2002. A basal troodontid from the Early Cretaceous of China. Nature 415: 780–784.