Interakcje substancji smakowych i zapachowych ze skladnikami zywnosci - aspekty fizykochemiczne

• Autorzy: Kostyra E
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W artykule dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa na temat wpływu różnych składników żywności, a także układów dwufazowych (emulsji) na uwalnianie się sensorycznie aktywnych związków lotnych i nielotnych oraz ich dostępność dla receptorów węchu i smaku. Dostępność ta zależy z jednej strony od właściwości hydrofilowych i hydrofobowych substancji lotnych, z drugiej zaś od zawartości, struktury i właściwości lipidów, polisacharydów oraz białek. Lipidy wpływają na ilościową, jakościową i czasową percepcję substancji lotnych i nielotnych, modyfikując aromat i smakowitość produktu. Polisacharydy wiążą sensorycznie aktywne substancje oraz tworzą z nimi kompleksy inkluzyjne, obniżając ich prężność par w przestrzeni nad próbką. Natomiast pomiędzy białkami i substancjami zapachowymi zachodzą dwa typy oddziaływań: adsorpcja odwracalna poprzez siły van der Waalsa oraz reakcje chemiczne poprzez wiązania kowalencyjne i elektrostatyczne. Pomimo licznych prac dotyczących interakcji substancji sensorycznie aktywnych z matrycą produktu, wiele istotnych szczegółów pozostaje w sferze hipotez.

EN

This paper is a review of specialist literature dealing with the influence of various food components including emulsions (two-phase systems) on the release of sensory active volatile and non-volatile compounds and their availability to olfactory and gustatory receptors. This availability depends on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of volatile compounds, as well as on the level, structure and property of fats, polysaccharides and proteins in food matrix. Lipids influence the quality, quantity and temporal perception of the volatiles and non-volatiles; they modify the food aroma and the flavour perception. Polysaccharides bind the sensory active components and form inclusion complexes with them, thus, they reduce their headspace. There are two different types of interaction between the compounds and protein: a reversible physical adsorption owing to the ‘van der Waals’ forces and chemical reactions through covalent or electrostatic linkages. Although many studies have been made on the interaction of the volatile and nonvolatile sensory compounds with food matrix many important fine points still remain in the sphere of hypotheses.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

skladniki zywieniowe; wech; interakcje; polisacharydy; bialko; smak; zwiazki nielotne; substancje zapachowe; uwalnianie; lipidy; ocena sensoryczna; substancje smakowe; zwiazki lotne

EN

nutritional component; smell; interaction; polysaccharide; protein; taste; non-volatile compound; smell substance; release; lipid; sensory evaluation; flavour agent; volatile compound

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 11
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: s.30-43,rys.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kostyra E

• Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, ul.Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warszawa

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