PL
W artykule przedstawiono przyczyny i skutki liberalnej polityki przestrzennej, prowadzącej do narastających procesów rozpraszania zabudowy, rozlewania się miast oraz zanikania ładu przestrzennego. W Polsce ta polityka przejawia się przede wszystkim w nadmiarze gruntów, którym nadano prawo zabudowy i których rezerwy - jak oszacowano - wystarczyłyby na kilkaset lat nieprzerwanego rozwoju. Zaproponowano sposoby, którymi mogą się posłużyć lokalne władze lub społeczności, dla przeciwdziałania niektórym negatywnym skutkom - wynikającej z ustawodawstwa liberalnej polityki przestrzennej.
EN
In Poland in the last 20 years, as result of changing law, the spatial policy has been increasingly marked by liberal features, with negative impact on our country's state of development. Urban sprawl over open areas takes place, usually combined with spatial chaos. Which triggers the destruction of natural and cultural environment, aggravates functional and spatial conflicts, disfunctionality of the urban structure of whole settlements, traffic and infrastructural solutions included. The final victims of a liberal spatial economy are its potential main beneficiaries, namely, property owners. As result of expanding spatial chaos and diminishing efficiency of the urban structure, their properties lose value, and potential tenants or buyers of land, facilities or premises, begin selecting other, better organised, more effective and attractive settlement complexes. The scale of these negative developments and the future yet more serious threats, entailed by such policy, may be determined on basis of government's data. Which i.a. indicate that by the end of 2007 residential areas in Poland covered 2344.67 km2, while valid local plans allocated 5835.3 km2 to residential construction. Which is more than two times bigger than the area already occupied by residences throughout Poland. The prevalence of new lands for residential development over the area of current residential lands turns out to be yet heavier, considering that by the end of 2007, only less than 25% (24.17%) of Poland's territory was covered by local plans of development. Consequently, only a part of the area of 2344.67 km2 cuurrently occupied by residential structures, was included by the end of 2007 within the lands covered by local plans of development. Thus the area of new residential lands should be estimated to exceed 3-5 times the area of lands hitherto used for residential purposes. This huge surplus exists not only in areas covered by local plans, but in others as well. Which is the result of easily available construction rights, issued i.a. on basis of decisions on building and land development conditions. The easy availability is also confirmed by small differences in the prices of 1 m2 of construction and non-construction sites, located close to each other. Also in remaining categories of allocations, associated with construction in local development plans, excessive reserves usually exist. In the current situation, at least those symptoms of a liberal spatial policy should be firmly protested against, that result in excessive supply of lands for construction. The most favourable measure would be changes in laws. But even in the current legal context, communes may launch operations quite efficiently reducing the undesired effects of a liberal policy.