Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma species in biocontrol of Armillaria mellea in fruit trees in Iran

• Autorzy: Asef M R , Goltapeh E.M. , Danesh Y.R.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Antagonizm grzybow z rodzaju Trichoderma w biologicznym zwalczaniu Armillaria melea na drzewach owocowych w Iranie

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Root and butt rot caused by species of Armillaria is one of the most serious diseases of fruit and forest trees in Iran. In this study, antagonistic effects of Trichoderma in biocontrol of Armillaria were investigated. Armillaria mellea was isolated from infected roots and butts of cherry and almond trees and identified with pairing tests method. Trichoderma species were recovered from rhizomorphs and around soil of Armillaria infected roots. Trichoderma species identified were T. virens (nine isolates) and T. harzianum (three isolates). Trichoderma discs were placed onto cultures of Armillaria to study antagonistic effects. All isolates of Trichoderma colonized Armillaria colonies within 5-7 days. Volatile compounds of Trichoderma isolates inhibited Armillaria colony growth and rhizomorph formation. Mechanisms of biocontrol were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy, these included penetration of Trichoderma hyphae in rhizomorphs, colonization of rhizomorphs by Trichoderma mycelia, colonization of apex meristemic center and apical buds of rhizomorphs, sporulation of Trichoderma in outer and inner surface of rhizomorphs, degeneration and lysis of rhizomorph tissue, and discharge of rhizomorph content.

PL

Zgnilizna korzeni powodowana przez gatunki rodzaju Armillaria jest jednym z najpoważniejszych schorzeń drzew owocowych i leśnych w Iranie. W przedstawianej pracy badano efekt antagonistyczny grzybów z rodzaju Trichoderma w biologicznym zwalczaniu grzybów z rodzaju Armillaria. Armillaria mellea izolowano z zainfekowanych korzeni drzew wiśniowych i migdałowych i identyfikowano metodą "pairing tests". Gatunki Trichoderma pozyskiwano z ryzomorfów i z gleby otaczającej korzenie zainfekowane przez Armillaria. Zidentyfikowano następujące gatunki Trichoderma: T. virens (dziewięć izolatów) i T. harzianum (trzy izolaty). Krążki Trichoderma kładziono na kultury opieńki miodowej w celu zbadania efektu antagonistycznego. Wszystkie izolaty Trichoderma kolonizowały opieńki w ciągu 5-7 dni. Lotne związki wydzielane przez Trichoderma hamowały wzrost kolonii opieniek i tworzenie się ryzomorfów. Mechanizmy biologicznego zwalczania badano metodą mikroskopii optycznej i elektronowej skaningowej. Mechanizmy te obejmowały wnikanie strzępków Trichoderma do ryzomorfów, kolonizację ryzomorfów przez grzybnię Trichoderma, kolonizację wierzchołków merystemu oraz pąków ryzomorfów, zarodnikowanie Trichoderma na zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej powierzchni ryzomorfów, degenerację i lizę tkanek ryzomorfów a także wydzielanie ich zawartości.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

plant protection

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Plant Protection Research
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 48
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.213-222,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Asef M R

• Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran

autor

Goltapeh E.M.

autor

Danesh Y.R.

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