Genetic diversity in the Polish brown hare Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778: implications for conservation and management

• Autorzy: Hartl G. B. , Markowski J. , Swiatecki A. , Janiszewski T. , Willing R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A total of 193 brown hares, collected from 7 sampling sites in Poland during 1986 - 1990 were examined for genetic variability and differentiation at 39 presumptive isozyme loci by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Values of polymorphism (mean P = 0.180, SD 0.039) and average heterozygosity (mean H = 0.047, SD 0.006) were similar to those detected in previous studies on the population genetics of the brown hare. Relative (Cst = 0.041) and absolute (mean D/Nei, 1978/ = 0.0012, SD 0.0013) genetic differentiation among populations were very low, which fits well to the high number of migrant individuals per generation (Nm = 12.7), estimated using the private allele method of Slalkin (1985). Average heterozygosity was examined for associations with geographical distribution, the year of culling, population density, age, sex, body weight and health status, whereby a better survival of heterozygous femals could be detected. According Lo our results, the present decline of the brown hare is noL due to genetic depiction. However, once population sizes drop below a critical threshold, a pronounced inbreeding depression can be expected.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

brown hare; Lepus europaeus; health status; conservation; Poland; isoenzyme; genetic diversity; hare; gene flow; haptoglobin

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 1992
• Tom: 37
• Numer: 1-2
• Opis fizyczny: p.15-25,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Hartl G. B.

• Universitat Wien, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160, Vienna, Austria

autor

Markowski J.

autor

Swiatecki A.

autor

Janiszewski T.

autor

Willing R.

Bibliografia

• Ayala F. J. 1982. Population and evolutionary genetics: A primer. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA: 1 - 268.
• Bonhonimc F., Fernandez J., Palacios F., Catalan J. and Machordon A. 1986, Caractbrisation biochimique du complexe d'espccs du genre Lepus en Espagne. Mammalia 50: 495 - 506.
• Broekhuizen S. and Maaskamp F. 1979. Age determination in the European hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas) in The Netherlands. Z. Säugeticrk. 44: 162 - 175.
• Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783 - 791.
• Frankel O. H. and Soulii M. E. 1981. Conservation and evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1 - 327.
• Hartl G. B. 1987. Biochemical differentiation between the Wild rabbit (Oryclolagus cuniculus L.), the Domestic rabbit and the Brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas). Z. zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch. 25: 309 - 316.
• Hartl G. B. 1989. Die genetische Variabilität von Wildsäugern und die Folgen der Isolation. [In: Die Illusion der Archc Noah - Gefahren für die Arterhaltung durch Gefangcnschaftszucht. E. Schneider, H. Oelke and H. Gross, edsj. Echo-Verlag, Göttingen: 127 - 138.
• Hartl G, B. 1991. Genetic polymorphism of sorbitol dehydrogenase in the brown hare and the distribution of the variation in Central Europe. Biochemical Genetics 29: 49 - 54,
• Hartl G. B. and Höger H. 1986. Biochemical variation in purebred and crossbred strains of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.). Genetical Research, Camb. 48: 27 - 34.
• Hartl G. B., Markowski J., Koväcs G., Griliilsch M. and Willing R. 1990. Biochemical variation and difTerentiati on in the Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) of Central Europe, Z. Säugeticrk. 55: 186 - 193.
• Hartl G. B., Suchentrunk F., Willing R. and Grillitsch M. 1989. Biochemisch-genetische Variabilität und Differenzierung beim Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus) in Niederösterreich. Wien, Tierärztl. Mschr. 76: 279 - 284,
• Hartl G. B., Vodnansky M., Suchentrunk F., Steineck Th„ Willing R„ Tataruch F. and Oberwaldcr U. 1991. Fortpflanzungsstörungen in einer Feldhasenzucht - Folge einer Inzuchtdepression? Verh. Ber. Erkrkg. Zootiere 33, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin: 17 - 26.G. B. Hartl el al.
• Hartl G, B., Willing R., Grillitsch M. and Klansck E. 1988. Biochemical variation in Mustelidae: are carnivores genetically less variable than other mammals. Zool. Anzeiger 221: 81 - 90.
• Jezierski W. 1988. Lagomorph programme in Poland. Lagomorph Newslett. 8: 11 — 12.
• Johns P. E. Baccus R., Manlove M. N., Pinder J. E. III. and Smith M. H. 1977. Reproductive patterns, productivity and genetic variability in adjacent white-tailed deer populations. Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish. Wild!. Agencies 31: 167 - 172.
• Lande R. and Barrowclough G. F. 1987. Effective population size, genetic variation, and their use in population management. [In: Viable Populations for Conservation. M. E. Soulć, ed.]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 87 - 123.
• Markowski J., Osmulski P., Duda W., Dyner E., Świątocki A., Uîanska M. and Janiszewski T. 1990. Relation between haptoglobin polymorphism and the health status of brown hare populations in Poland. Acta theriol. 35: 215 - 224.
• Markowski J. and Hartl G. B. 1991. Enzyme polymorphism and cpigenetic asymmetry in the brown hare (Lepus eurcpaeus Pal.) from Poland. Trans. 20th IUGB Congress, Gödöllö 1990. Hungary, August 1991: 835 - 840.
• Nei M. 1972, Genetic distance between populations. American Naturalist 106: 283 - 292.
• Nei M. 1975. Molecular population genetics and evolution. North-Holland, Amsterdam: 1 - 288.
• Nei M., Maruyama T. and Chakraborty R. 1975. The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations. EvoluLion 29: 1 - 10.
• Nei M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583 - 590.
• Nevo E. 1983. Population genetics and ecology: the interface. [In: Evolution from molecules to men. D. S. Bendall, ed.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 287 - 321.
• Nevo E. 1988. Genetic diversity in nature: patterns and theory. [In: Evolutionary biology. M. K. Hecht and B. Wallace, cds]. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 23: 217 - 246.
• Nevo E., Beiles A. and Ben-Shlomo R. 1984. The evolutionary significance of genetic diversity: ecological, demographic and life history correlates. [In: Evolutionary dynamics of genetic diversity. Lecture notes in bio mathematics. G. S. Mani, ed. J. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 13 - 213.
• Palmer A. R. and Strobeck C. 1986. Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 391 - 421.
• Pemberton J. M., Albon S. D„ Guinness F. E., Clutton-Brock T. H. and Berry R. J. 1988. Genetic variation and juvenile survival in red deer. Evolution 42: 921 - 934.
• Petznek R., Suchentrunk F., Hartl G. B. and Willing R. 1990. Enzyme heterozygosity and variability of non-metric skull traits in the brown hare (Lepus europaeus). Proc. 2nd Symposium on the Genetics of Wild Animals, Gießen 1990: in press.
• Pielowski Z. 1976. On the present state and perspectives of the European hare breeding in Poland. [In: Ecology and management of European hare populations. Z. Pucek and Z. Pielowski, eds], PWRiL, Warszawa: 25 ~ 27.
• Pielowski Z. 1979. Zając. Monografia przyrodniczo-lowiecka. PWRiL, Warszawa: 1 - 154.
• Rogers J. S. 1986. Deriving phylogenctic trees from allele frequencies: a comparison of nine genctic distances. Syst. Zool. 35: 297 - 310.
• Schnell G. D. and Seiander R. K, 1981. Environmental and morphological correlates of genetic variation in mammals. [In: Mammalian population genetics. M. H. Smith and J. Joule, eds]. University of Georgia Press, Athens: 60 - 99.
• Scribner K. T. and Smith M, H. 1990. Genetic variability and antler development. [In: Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers. G. A. Bubenik and A. B. Bubenik, eds]. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 460 - 473.
• Sikorski J. 1987. Kierunki rozwoju gospodarki łowieckiej, Low. pol. 11: 4-7.
• Slatkin M. 1985. Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow. Evolution 39: 53 —65.
• Smith M. H., Willis K. B. and Johns P. E. 1990. Spatial-genetic variation in a white-tailed deer herd. Trans. 19th IUGB Congress, Trondheim 1989: 80 - 84.
• Soule M. E. 1979. Heterozygosity and developmental stability: another look. Evolution 33: 369 - 401. Stroh G. 1931. Zwei sichere Altersmerkmale beim Hasen. Berliner Tierärztl. Wschr. 47: 180 - 181.
• Wildt D. E., Bush M., Goodrowe K. L.( Packer C., Pusey A. E„ Brown J. L., Joslin P. and O'Brien S. J. 1987. Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations. Nature 329: 328 - 331.