The braincase of two Late Cretaceous Asian multituberculates studied by serial sections

• Autorzy: Hurum J H

Warianty tytułu

PL

Puszka mozgowa dwoch poznokredowych wieloguzkowcow [Multituberculata] badana za pomoca przekrojow seryjnych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The braincase structure of two Late Cretaceous Mongolian djadochtatherian multituberculates Nemegtbaatar gobiensis and Chulsanbaatar vulgaris from the ?late Campanian of Mongolia is presented based on the two serially sectioned skulls and additional specimens. Reconstructions of the floor of the braincase in both taxa are given. The complete intracranial sphenoid region is reconstructed for the first time in multituberculates. Cavum epiptericum is a separate space with the taenia clino-orbitalis (ossified pila antotica) as the medial wall, anterior lamina of the petrosal and possibly the alisphenoid as the lateral wall, and the basisphenoid, petrosal and possibly alisphenoid ventrally. The fovea hypochiasmatica is shallow, tuberculurn sellae is wide and more raised from the skull base than it is in the genus Pseudobolodon. The dorsal opening of the carotid canal is situated in the fossa hypophyseos. The taenia clino-orbitalis differs from the one described in Pseudobolodon and Lambdopsalis in possessing just one foramen (metoptic foramen). Compared to all extant mammals the braincase in Nemegtbaatar and Chulsanbaatar is primitive in that both the pila antotica and pila metoptica are retained. In both genera the anterior lamina of the petrosal is large with a long anterodorsal process while the alisphenoid is small. A review is given of the cranial anatomy in Nemegtbaatar and Chulsanbaatar.

PL

Budowa puszki mózgowej dwóch późnokredowych wieloguzkowców z podrzędu Djadochtatheria, Nemegtbaatar gobiensis i Chulsanbaatar vulgaris, z ?późnego kampanu Mongolii, została zbadana za pomocą seryjnych skrawków dwóch czaszek, ciętych mikrotomem Junga, oraz w oparciu o inne czaszki tych sarnych gatunków, i pojedyncze kości skaliste innych gatunków. Badane materiały przechowywane są w zbiorach Instytutu Paleobiologii PAN w Warszawie. Przedstawiono rekonstrukcje podstawy puszki mózgowej obu gatunków. Zrekonstruowano też, po raz pierwszy u wieloguzkowców, budowę kompleksu kości klinowej, widzianą od strony puszki mózgowej. Cavum epiptericum u wieloguzkowców tworzy obszerną przestrzeń, oddzieloną od puszki mózgowej przez taenia clino-orbitalis (skostniałą pila antotica), tworzącą jej ścianę przyśrodkową. Ścianę zewnętrzną cavum epiptericum tworzy skrzydło kości podstawnoklinowej, zaś ścianę dolną kość podstawnoklinowa, kość skalista i przypuszczalnie częściowo skrzydło kości podstawnoklinowej. Skostnienie wewnętrznej ściany cavum epiptericum jest u wieloguzkowców silniejsze niż u stekowców, co może wskazywać, że wieloguzkowce są pod tym względem prymitywniejsze niż stekowce. Nie jest jednak wykluczone, że skostnienie to jest wtórne, jak to sugerowano wcześniej (Kielan-Jaworowska i wsp. 1986). Fovea hypochiasmatica jest płytka, siodło tureckie jest szerokie i położone wyżej w stosunku do podstawy czaszki niż u jurajskiego rodzaju Pseudobolodon. Taenia clino-orbitalis różni się od tej samej struktury opisanej u wieloguzkowców z rodzajów Pseudobolodon i Lambdopsalis tym, że jest przebita tylko jednym otworem. Puszka mózgowa Nemegtbaatar i Chulsanbaatar jest bardziej prymitywna niż u wszystkich ssaków współczesnych, ponieważ zachowuje w stadium doroslym zarówno pila antotica, jak i pila metoptica. U obu rodzajów blaszka przednia kości skalistej (lamina anterior) jest duża, z długim przednio-grzbietowym wyrostkiem, natomiast skrzydło kości podstawnoklinowej jest małe. W pracy przedstawiono również podsumowanie danych o anatomii czaszki Nemegtbaatar i Chulsanbaatar.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

fauna kopalna; kosc skalista; czaszki; kosc klinowa; Multituberculata; rekonstrukcja; kreda; Nemegtbaatar gobiensis; puszka mozgowa; Djadochtatheria; paleontologia; Chulsanbaatar vulgaris; wieloguzkowce; kosc podstawnoklinowa; anatomia zwierzat

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.21-52,rys.,fot.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Hurum J H

• Paleontologisk Museum, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway

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