Cechy korzeni w hodowli roslin o obnizonych wymaganiach pokarmowych

• Autorzy: Gorny A G
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The paper reviews the present state of our knowledge on the genetic variation of morphological and physiological characters of the plant root system as well as its implication for nutrition use efficiency. The questions of whether and/or which of the root parameters appear tobe sustainable selection criteria for the low-input breeding are discussed. Although the concept of such use of the root characters seems to be especially substantiated with local soil and climatic conditions, limited knowledge on root inheritance and genotypic variation under stress conditions as weil as methodological problems have led to controversies and skeptical opinions of breeders. Intensive studies are needed to solve the most important questions. Much more attention should be focused on understanding genetic aspects of the interaction (symbiosis) between plants and rhizosphere organisms, especially the VAM mycorrhize. Appropriate strategies for the improving of complex plant adaptation to lower fertilization levels should be fit as a result of cooperation between various disciplines of plant biology.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

grzyby mikoryzowe; hodowla roslin; wymagania pokarmowe; genetyka roslin; zmiennosc genetyczna; wzrost korzeni; warunki meteorologiczne; warunki glebowe; system korzeniowy; selekcja roslin; endomikoryza arbuskularno-pecherzykowata; absorpcja; uprawa roslin; cechy morfologiczne; cechy fizjologiczne

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Postępy Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 1995
• Tom: 42
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.67-91,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Gorny A G

• Instytut Genetyki Roslin PAN, Poznan

Bibliografia

• [1] Anioł A. 1989. Podstawy hodowli zbóż tolerancyjnych na niskie pH gleby. Biul. IHAR 171/172: 215-221.
• [2] Armenta-Soto J.L. i in.1983. Genetic analysis of root characters in rice. SABRAO J. 15/2: 103-116.
• [3] Austin R.B. i in. 1980. Genetic improvements in winter wheat yields since 1900 and associated physiological changes. J. Agric. Sci. 94: 675-689.
• [4] Azcon R., Ocampo J.A. 1981. Factors affecting the vesicular-arbuscular infection and mycorrhizal dependency of thirteen wheat cultivars. New Phytol. 87: 677-685.
• [5] Baligar N.C., Barber S.A. 1979. Genotypic differenres of corn for ion uptake. Agronomy J. 71(5): 870-873.
• [6] Barabasz W. 1991. Mikrobiologiczne przemiany azotu. 1. Biogeochemia azotu glebowego. Post. Mikrobiologii XXX(4): 395-410.
• [7] Barabasz W.1992. Mikrobiologiczne przemiany azotu glebowego. 2. Biotransformacja azotu glebowego. Post. Mikrobiologii XXXI(1): 3-32.
• [8] Barber S.A. 1984. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability. J. Wiley, N. York.
• [9] Buttery B.R. i in. 1992. Potential for increasing nitrogen fixation in grain legumes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 72: 323-349.
• [10] Cacco G. i in. 1976. Uptake efficiency of roots in plants at different ploidy levels. J. Agric. Sci. Camb.87:585-589.
• [11] Cao Y.W. i in.1993. Ammonium inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth can bereversed by potassium and by auxin resistance mutations aux1, axr1 and axr2. Plant Physiology 102(3): 983-989.
• [12] Carlson P.S. 1985. Biologia plonowania (praca zbiorowa), PWRiL, Warszawa.
• [13] Chapin F.S. i in. 1993. Evolution of suites of traits in response to environmental stresses.American Naturalist 142: 78-92.
• [14] Cieply J., Oracka T. 1989. Efektywność wykorzystania składników mineralnych przez rośliny pszenżyta. Biul IHAR 171/172: 143-146.
• [15] Claassen N. i in. 1986. Verification of a mathematical model by simulating potassium uptake from soil. Plant and Soil 95: 209-220.
• [16] Clark R.B. 1990. Physiology of cereals for mineral nutrient uptake, use and efficiency. w: Crops as Enhancers of Nutrient Use, V.C. Baligar i R.R. Duncan (eds.), Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA., 131-209.
• [17] Clarke J .M., McCraig T.N. 1993. Breeding for efficient root systems. w: Plant breeding: principles and prospects, Hayward M.D. i in. (eds.), Chapman and Hill Ltd., London: 485-499.
• [18] Czembor H.J. 1989. Stan i perspektywy hodowli roślin w Polsce. Biul. IHAR 171/172: 5-14.
• [19] Dambroth M., El Bassam N. 1983. Low-input varieties: definition, ecological requirements and selection. Plant and Soil 72: 365-377.
• [20] Donald C.M. 1968. The breeding of crop ideotypes. Euphytica 17: 385-403.
• [21] Duc G. i in. 1989. First report of non-mycorrhizal plant mutants (Myc) obtained in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and fababean (Vicia faba L.). Plant Sci. 60: 215-222.
• [22] Dumas-Gandot E. i in. 1994. Chitinase isoforms in roots of various pea genotypes infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Science 99: 27-37.
• [23] El Bassam N. i in. 1990. Genetic aspects of plant mineral nutrition. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht.
• [24] Gabelman W.H., Gerloff G.C. 1983. The search for and interpretation of genetic controls that enbance plant growth under deficiericy levels of a micronutrient. Plant and Soil 72(23): 335-350.
• [25] Gabelman W.H. i in. 1986. Genetic variability in root systems associated with nutrient acquisition and use. Hort. Science 21(4): 971-973.
• [26] Gamzikova O.I. 1992. Geneticzeskije aspekty edaficzeskoj adaptivnosti pszenicy. Fiziologia i Biohimija Kult. Rastienij 24(5): 419-428.
• [27] Gerloff G.C., Gabelman W.H. 1983. Genetic basis of inorganic plant nutrition. w: Inorganic Plant Nutrition, Encyclop. Plant Physiol. 15B, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg: 453-480.
• [28] Gotoh K., Osonai S. 1959. Japan. J. Breeding 9: 173-178.
• [29] Gourley C.J.P. i in. 1993. Differences in response to available phosphorus among white clover cultivars. Agronomy J. 85: 296-301.
• [30] Górny A.G. 1992. Genetic variation of the root system in spring barley and oat. Treatises and Monographs nr. 1 (ed. IGR PAN): 1-90.
• [31] Górny A.G. 1993. Differences in shoot and root response to limited N-supply in oat and spring barley. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 171(3): 161-167.
• [32] Graham R.D. 1984. Breeding for nutritional characteristics in cereals. Adv. Plant Nutr. 1: 57-192.
• [33] Gudinova L.G., Meshkov V. V. 1988. Isledovanie kolekcii miagkoj pszenicy popriznakah komevoj sistemy. Teor. Osnovy Sci. Semenov. Selskoh. Kultur Zap. Sibiri: 9-15.
• [34] Hackett C. 1968. A study of the root system of barley. New Phytology 67: 287-300.
• [35] Hetrick B.D.A. i in. 1992. Mycorrhizal dependence of modern wheat varieties, landraces and ancestors. Can. J. Botany 20: 2032-2040.
• [36] IRRI 1982. Drought resistance in crops. Intern. Rice Res. Institute (ed.), Los Banos, Filipiny.
• [37] Itoh S., Barber S.A. 1983. A numerical solution of whole plant nutrient uptake for soil-root systems with root hairs. Plant and Soil 70: 403-413.
• [38] Jaafari EI S.1992. ABA et selection de la resistancea la sechevesse. Annales de Gembloux 98(4): 259-275.
• [39] Janssens M.J.J. i in. 1984. Low-input ideotypes. I FOAM Sem., Univ. Stuttgart-Hohenheim: 1-18.
• [40] Jones G.P.D. i in. 1989. Phosphorus efficiency in wheat- a useful selection criterion? Field Crop Res. 21: 257-264.
• [41] Jungk A. 1991. Dynamics of nutrient movement at the soil-root interface. w: Plant Roots. The Hidden Half. Y. Weisel i in. (eds.), M. Dekker Inc., N.York: 455-482.
• [42] Kapulnik Y., Kushnir U.1991. Growth dependency of wild, primitive and modern cultivated wheat lines on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Euphytica 56: 27-36.
• [43] Kraljević-Balalić M. i in. 1991. Inheritance of nitrogen content in wheat. Genetika 23(2): 105-110.
• [44] Krishna K.R. i in.1985. Genotype dependent variation in mycorrhizal colonization and response to inoculation of pearl millet. Plant and Soil 86: 113-125.
• [45] Kuiper PJ .C. i in. 1988. Root functioning under stress conditions: an introduction. Plant and Soil 111: 249-253.
• [46] Lackie S.M. i in. 1988. Comparison of colonization among half-sib families of Medicago sativa L. by Glomus versiforme Berch. New Phytology 108: 477-482.
• [47] Lityński T., Jurkowska H. 1982. Żyzność gleby i odżywianie się roślin, PWN Warszawa.
• [48] MacKey J. 1982. Shoot, root and shoot: root interrelations in cereals and the ideotype concept. Proc. Int. Symp. New Genet. Aproach. Crop Improv., Karachi 1982: 1-21.
• [49] Malepszy S. 1992. Kierunki w genetyce i hodowli roślin, których realizacja powinna sprzyjać rozwojowi nowoczesnej produkcji rolniczej. Post. Nauk Roln. 39(3): 15-19.
• [50] Marschner H. 1991. Root-induced changes in the availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. w: Plant Roots. The Hidden Half. Weisel Y. i in. (eds), M. Dekker Inc., N. York: 503-528.
• [51] Mengel K. 1983. Response of various crop species and cultivars to fertilizer application. Plant and Soil 72: 305-319.
• [52] Muruli B.I., Paulsen G.M.1981. Improvement of nitrogen useefficiency and its relationship to other traits in maize. Maydica 26: 63-73.
• [53] Nalborczyk E. 1989. Fizjologiczne podstawy produktywności roślin. Biul. IHAR 171/172: 133-134.
• [54] Nielsen N.E., Schjørring J.K. 1983. Efficiency and kinetics of phosphorus uptake from soil by various barley genotypes. Plant and Soil 72: 225-230.
• [55] Okruszko H. 1992. Rozwój rolnictwa a uwarunkowania ekologiczne. Post. Nauk Roln. 39(5-6): 9-16.
• [56] Quarrie S.A. 1991. Implications of genetic differences in ABA accumulation for crop production. w: Abscisic Acid: Physiology and Biochemistry, Davies W J. i Jones H.G. (eds.), Bios Sci. Publ., Oxford: 227-243.
• [57] O'TooleJ.C., Bland W.L.1987. Genetic variation in crop plant root system. Adv. Agronomy 41: 91-145.
• [58] Rasmusson D.C. 1984. Ideotype research and plant breeding. w: Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement, Gustafson J .P. (ed.). Plenum Publ. Corp.: 95-119.
• [59] Römer W. i in. 1988. The relationship between phosphate absorptton and root length in nine wheat cultivars. Plant and Soil 111: 199-201.
• [60] Rosa o .S., Camargo C.E.O. 1991. Wheat breeding for better efficiency in phosphorus use. Bragantia, Cämpinas 51: 333-361.
• [61] Russen R.S. 1977. Plant Root Systems: their Function and Interaction with the Soil. McGraw-Hill Book Comp. Ltd, London-Berkshire.
• [62] Rutkowski A, Okruszko H.1990. Problemy rolnictwa europejskiego. Post. Nauk Roln. 37(1-2): 73-89.
• [63] Sanchez F. i in. 1991. Control of nodulin genes in root-nodule development and metabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 507-528.
• [64] Sarič M.R.1983. Theoretical and practical approaches to the genetic specificity of mineral nutrition of plants. Plant and Soil 72: 137-150.
• [65] Sattelmacher B. i in. 1993. Interaction between root growth and mineral nutrition. Environmental and Experimental Botany 33: 63-73.
• [66] Schiefelbein J.W., Sommerville C. 1990. Genetic control of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 2:. 235-243.
• [67] Seetharama N. i in. 1984. Selection for grain yield in low nitrogen fertility conditions. Cereal Res. Comm. 12: 47-51.
• [68] Shroyer J .P., Cox T.S. 1993. Productivity and adaptive capacity of winter wheat landraces and modern cultivars grown under low-fertility conditions. Euphytica 70(1-2):27-33.
• [69] Siddique K.H. i in. 1990. Root: shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semidwarf wheats in a Mediterranean environment. Plant and Soil 121: 89-98.
• [70] Sprich E.1987. Genetische Variabilität der Nährstoffeffizienz bei Getreiden. Diss. Uni-Hohenheim, Stuttgart.
• [71] Szymańska L. 1980. Wczesna ocena intensywności pszenicy na podstawie reakcji korzeni zarodkowych na azot. Hodowla Rośl. Aklim. Nas. 24(3): 203-210.
• [72] TeykerR.H. i in.1989. Divergentselection among maize seedlings for nitrate uptake. CropSci. 29: 879-884.
• [73] Troughton A., Whittington W J. 1969. The significance of genetic variation in root systems. w: Root Growth, Whittington W J. (ed.), Butterworths, London: 296-314.
• [74] Tuberosa R. i in. 1992. Genotypic variation in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in artificially water-stressed maize leaves and its relationship with the ABA content in drought-stressed field conditions. J. Genet. & Breed. 46: 331-334.
• [75] Weisbeck P.J. i in. 1989. Bacteria in the rhizosphere stimulating nutrient uptake and plant growth. Vortr. Pflanzenzüchtg 16: 317-337.
• [76] Weisel Y. i in. 1991. Plant Roots. The Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker Inc., N. York.
• [77] Wooden J.J., Glass A.D.M. 1993. Inheritance of potassium uptake and utilization in wheat (T. aestivum L.) grown under potassium stress. J. Genetics and Breeding 47(2): 95-102.
• [78] Wu S-T. i in. 1991. Genetic studies on seedling growth in rice plant. XI. Genetic analysis of root characters in seedlings. Chinese Agron. J. 1: 327-335.
• [79] Wyss P. i in. 1990. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of wild-type soybean and nonnodulating mutants with Glomus mosseae contain symbiosis-specific polypeptides (mycorrhizins) immunologically crosreactive with nodulins. Planta 182: 22-26.