EN
Molecular genetics methods are promissing tools for improving production and disease resistance traits of the livestock. The methods of DNA analysis enable the direct identification of genotype and are very useful in following breeding activities: - identification of QTLs (quantitative trait loci), - marker assisted selection (genotyping for genetic markers linked to productive traits), - parentage control, - embryo sexing. The genetic tests are also used for identification of genetic disorders caused by a single point mutation as well as chromosome aberrations. Analysis of DNA polymorphism makes possible the estimation of inbreeding within a population and genetic distance between the populations as well as changes in gene frequency caused by the selection.