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2007 | 55 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Nematode communities along the transect shelterbelt-ecotone-crop field

Autorzy

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The study was carried out in western Poland (Turew region) in two shelterbelts of different age (the younger – 6 years old and the older – 11 years old) planted across croplands, in adjacent fields and in the field located in deforested area (control field). Soil samples were taken twice: in the autumn and spring from the centre of each shelterbelt, from the ecotone, and in the field at a distance of 15 and 50 m from the edge of the shelterbelts. The density of nematode communities fluctuated unpredictably, in autumn it was very low and ranged from 276 to 641×10³, in spring it ranged from 388 to 1931×10³ individuals per 1 m². Most numerous trophic groups were: bacterivores, fungivores and obligate plant feeders, while facultative plant feeders, omnivores and predators achieved low level. The abundance of predators in older shelterbelt was significantly (P ≤0.05) higher than that in the younger one and decreased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the field. The communities in shelterbelt and its ecotone were more diverse, which was reflected by the higher number of genera (19–31) and higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index H’(3.3 – 4.0), than those in the fields where the number of genera ranged from 15 to 25 and Shannon-Wiener diversity index H’ ranged from 2.5 to 3.5. In the younger shelterbelt and in the control field the soil food-web assessed with indices derived from analysis of nematode communities was considered as composed mainly of basal components, i.e. cosmopolitan species feeding on bacteria and fungi occurring everywhere even in degraded environments. While the food web in older shelterbelt was consisted mainly of enrichment components, i.e. bacteria feeding species of very short life cycle, with high food requirements which occur in the environment rich in bacteria). The values of Channel Index which informs about the predominant pathway of decomposition (through bacteria or fungi) showed that in majority of sites bacterial processes predominated. Only in the older shelterbelt the participation of fungal decomposition channel was higher (>50%) and increased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the centre of the field. The results of Correspondence Analysis showed that first two axis explained 40.3% of the variance. The generic composition of nematode communities in the 11-years old shelterbelt differed from that in the 6-years old shelterbelt. Nematode communities inhabiting the ecotone of younger shelterbelt were very similar to the communities in the shelterbelt, while the communities in ecotone of older shelterbelt differed from those in the shelterbelts. Nematode communities inhabiting the control field were similar to those inhabiting the field adjacent to younger shelterbelt.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

55

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.665-680,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Polish Academy of Sciences, Dziekanow Lesny, 05-092 Lomianki, Poland

Bibliografia

  • Altieri M. 1999 – The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems – Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74: 19–31.
  • Bartoszewicz A., Ryszkowski L. 1996 – Influence of the shelterbelts and meadows on the chemistry of ground water (In: Dynamics of Agricultural Landscape. Eds: L. Ryszkowski, N.R. French, A. Kędziora) – PWRiL Poznań, pp. 98–109.
  • Bloem J., Lebbink G., Zwart K.B., Bouwman L.A., Burgers S.L.G.E., de Vos J.A., deRuiter P.C. 1994 – Dynamics of microorganisms, microbivores and nitrogen mineralisation in winter wheat fields under conventional and integrated management – Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 51: 129–143.
  • Bouwman L.A., Bloem J., van den Boogert P.H.J.F., Breme F., Hoenderboom G.H.J., de Ruiter P.C. 1994 – Short-term and long term effects of bacterivorous nematodes and nematophagous fungi on carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in microcosm, Biol. Fertil. Soils –17: 249–256.
  • Ettema C.H., Bongers T. 1993 – Characterization of nematode colonization and succession on disturbed soil using the maturity index – Biology and Fertility of Soils, 16: 79–85.
  • Ferris H., Bongers T., de Goede R.G.M. 2001 – A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept – Appl. Soil Ecol. 18: 13–29.
  • Flegg J.J.M., Hooper D.J. 1970 – Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. (In: Technical Bulletin, Ed. Southey J.P.) – Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. London, pp. 5–23.
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  • Ingham R.E., Trofymow J.A., Ingham E.R., Coleman D.C. 1985 – Interactions of bacteria, fungi, and their nematode grazers: effects on nutrient cycling and plant growth – Ecol. Monog. 55, (1): 119–140.
  • Hánèl L. 1999 – Microdistribution of soil nematodes (Nematoda) in a climax spruce forest at Žofĭn National Nature Reserve, Czech Republic (In: Soil Zoology in Central Europe Eds: Tajovský, K., Pižl V.) – 75–79 IBS AS CR, České Budějovice.
  • Kajak A., Kostro A., Olechowicz E., Szanser M. 2002 – Wpływ pasów zadrzewień na faunę glebową przyległych pól [Influence of woodlots on soil fauna of adjacent fields] (In: Wyspy środowwiskowe. Bioróżnorodność i próby typologii [In: Biodiversity and trials of typology) Ed. J. Banaszak] – Wydawnictwo Akademii Bydgoskiej. Bydgoszcz. Pp. 181–199. (in Polish)
  • Karg J., Kajak A., Ryszkowski L. 2003 – Impact of young shelterbelts on organic matter content and development of microbial and faunal communities of adjacent fields. – Pol. J. Ecol. 51: 283–290.
  • Kozłowska J., Dmowska E. 1987 – The effect of cattle liquid manure on communities of nematodes under field conditions. Pol. ecol Stud. 12: 155–162.
  • Lazarova S.S., de Goede R.G.M., Peneva V., Bongers T. 2004 – Spatial patterns of variation in the composition and structure of nematode communities in relation to different microhabitats: a case study of Quercus dalechanpii Ten. forest – Soil Biol. Biochem. 36: 701–712.
  • Nowak E. 2004 – Enchytreids (Oligocheta) in the agricultural landscape – Pol. J. Ecol 52: 123–135.
  • Olechowicz E. 2007 – Soil and litter macrofauna in shelterbelts and in adjacent croplands: changes in community structure after tree planting – Pol. J. Ecol. 55: 647–664.
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  • Ryszkowski L., Karg J. 1996 – Changes in animal community functions due to intensity of framing impact (In: Dynamics of an agricultural landscape, Eds: L. Ryszkowski, N. French, A. Kędziora) – PWRiL, Poznań, pp. 173–184. (in Polish)
  • Ryszkowski L., Karg J., Bernacki Z. 2003 – Biocenotic function of the mid-field woodlots in west Poland: Study area and research assumptions – Pol. J. Ecol. 51: 269–281.
  • Ter Braak C.J.F. 1987 – CANOCO – a Fortran program for canonical community ordinatuion by correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 2.1) ITI-TNO, Wageningen.
  • Wasilewska L. 1997 – Soil invertebrates as bioindicators; with special reference to soilinhabiting nematodes – Russ. J. Nematol 5: 117–129.
  • Wasilewska L. 2004 – Nematofauna of the shelterbelts in the agricultural landscape – Pol. J. Ecol. 52: 99–113.
  • Wojewoda D., Russel S. 2003 – The impact of the shelterbelt on soil properties and microbial activity in an adjacent crop field. Pol. J. Ecol. 51: 291–307.
  • Yeates G.W., Bongers T., De Goede R.G.M., Freckman D.W., Georgieva S.S. 1993 – Feeding habits in nematode families and genera – an outline for soil ecologists – J. Nematol. 25: 191–195.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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