EN
Regional differentiation of rural areas in Poland is enormous and sbould often be considered as undesirable disproportion. Therefore efficacious regional rural policy is needed. Against this background essential problems of theory and philosophy of regional rural policy are discussed as challenges and dilemmas. The challenges concerning rural areas are: quality of life, regional order and protection of environment, multifunctional development, interregional equilibrium and adjustment to regional policy of the European Union. The dilemmas concern: quality of soils, development ratio according to time, effectiveness, interregional vs. infraregional policy, and regional policy institutions. Also, actual questions and proposals for regional science development concerning rural areas are presented.