Zmiany wlasciwosci strukturalno-mechanicznych ziarna gryki w swietle obserwacji filmowych i fotograficznych

• Autorzy: Orzechowski J , Panasiewicz M
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The buckwheat seed is one of the most valuable raw materials for the groats industry and is of major importance in the food economy. It is used for manufacturing of very valuable groats (product of the group of so called "healthy food"), which is obtained during the process of its husking. This process has certain characteristic features, resulting from the non-typical structure of the seed. These features are related to the various physical properties of the seed including the structural-mechanical ones. It is practically impossible to perform the precise observation of the process of husking the seed, and especially the accompanying this process unfavourable phenomena of breaking and disintegration of the groats caused by operating active parts of the husk-sheller. This results from the fact that in short period of time a substantial amount of grains is passing through the relatively small (3-4 mm) working slot beetwen the disks of the husk-sheller. Thus, in order to specify the character and locations of disitegration of the seed structure, the technique of slow motion photographs has been adopted. The methodology of the study was devised to facilitate the observation of the process of breaking the seed in relation to the method and conditions of its hydrothermal preprocessing. The film recording of this phenomenon, for single seeds and groats free from husk, was performed together with simultaneous subjecting this objects to stress in the INSTRON device used for stress measurements. This way the changes occuring in the seed structure were recorded twice: first, by a camera in subsequent frames of a film, and second by a device drawing the plots of forces damaging the studied object. The speed of film movement was 500 frames per second. Moreover, in order to show many structural changes occurring in the endosperm of the seed, caused by the hydrothermal preprocessing, the microscope observations have been performed. The electron scanning microscope was used to photograph various fragments of the cross-section of the internal structure of the seed which were subjected to the hydrothermal preprocessing by various methods. These allowed for investigation and evaluation of subsequent phases of sizing of starch particles which leads to substantial increase in resistance of endosperm against squezing. The analysis of recorded data and microscope photographs allowed for evaluation of certain structural-mechanical properties of the buckwheat seed and their influence on quality of its husking.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

wlasciwosci mechaniczne; obluskiwanie; fotografia; metody badan; wlasciwosci strukturalne; ziarno; gryka; technika filmowa; zmiany wlasciwosci

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 1992
• Tom: 404
• Opis fizyczny: s.233-242,fot.,rys.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Orzechowski J

• Akademia Rolnicza, Lublin

autor

Panasiewicz M

• Akademia Rolnicza, Lublin

Bibliografia

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• 2. Jankowski S.: Zarys technologii młynarstwa i kaszarstwa. WNiT, Warszawa 1981.
• 3. Kozmina E.P.: Technołogiczeskije swojstwa sortow krupianych i ziernobobowych kultur. Kołos, Moskwa 1981.
• 4. Krupic J.N., Egorow G.A.: Technołogia piererabotki ziema. Kołos, Moskwa 1977.
• 5. Orzechowski J., Panasiewicz M.: Technologia obłuskiwania gryki na kaszę. Mech. Roln., nr 9, 1986.
• 6. Żislin J.M., Tireszczenko A.K.: Wyrabotka muki i krupy w sielskochozjajstwiennom mukomolie. Kołos, Moskwa 1969.