The effect of chromic mud graining on the technological parameters of the sodium chromate production process

• Autorzy: Kowalski Z , Fela K. , Wieczorek-Ciurowa K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The most important solution in the new sodium chromate production process implemented in Alwernia Chemical Works is in-process recycling of chromic mud. This allows lessening the hazard to the natural environment resulting from released chromic waste. It also involves economical advantages. This paper presents studies on the optimisation of this process using of a fuzzy logic method. The influence of the grain size of chromic mud on the sodium chromate production process with chromic mud in process recycling has been estimated. The optimal values of the process parameters can be achieved applying preliminary ground chromic mud and fine-ground fractions of chromic ore. “Deep” milling of chromic mud is not necessary.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

chromium; sodium chromate; chemical carcinogen; chromic mud; carcinogenicity

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.73-81,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalski Z

• Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland

autor

Fela K.

autor

Wieczorek-Ciurowa K.

Bibliografia

• 1. KATZ S.A., SALEM H. The Biological and Environmental Chemistry of Chromium. VCH Publishers Inc.: New York, 1994.
• 2. PAPP J.F. Chromium Life Cycle Study. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 9411, Washington DC, 1995.
• 3. NRIAGU J., NIEBOER E. Chromium in Natural and Human Environment. John Wiley & Son: New York, 1995.
• 4. WALAWSKA B., KOWALSKI Z. Selection of technological variants of producing sodium chromate (VI) with the use of chromic waste materials. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 9 (2), 103, 2000.
• 5. AWIERBUCH T., PAWAOW P. TiechnoBogija Sojedinienij Chroma. Chimija: Leningrad, USSR 1973.
• 6. WALAWSKA B., KOWALSKI Z. Studies on utilization of chromic waste for the production of sodium chromate (VI). Polish J. Appl. Chem. 43 (3-4), 101, 1999.
• 7. WALAWSKA B., KOWALSKI Z. Model of technological alternatives of production of sodium chromate (VI) with the use of chromic wastes. Waste Manag. 20, 711, 2000.
• 8. KOWALSKI Z., WALAWSKA B., Utilization of chrome tannery wastes in the sodium chromate production process. Polish J. Appl. Chem., XLI , 385, 1997.
• 9. KOWALSKI Z., MAZANEK C. Sodium chromate – material flow analysis and technology assessment. J. Cleaner Prod. 6, 135, 1998.
• 10. WALAWSKA B., KOWALSKI Z. Studies on utilization of chrome tannery waste for the production of sodium chromate (VI). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 (3), 826, 2001.
• 11. KOWALSKI Z., JAROSICœKI A., MAZANEK C. Integrated model of chromic waste utilization in the chromium compound production. Conference New Trends in Mineral Processing III, VZB–TV Ostrava, Czech Republic, 1999.
• 12. KOWALSKI Z., KOTOWICZ J. Sposób produkcji chromianu sodu, Polish Patent Application P. 331,267, 1999.
• 13.KOWALSKI Z., GOLLINGER M. Analiza kosztów wytwarzania chromianu sodu z recyrkulacji odpadów chromowych. Ekonomia i Środowisko 1 (18), 129, 2001
• 14. KOWALSKI Z. Czystsze produkcje jako strategia ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Biuletyn Komitetu Inżynierii Środowiska PAN, 3, 1998.
• 15. KOWALSKI Z., MAZANEK C., CHOLEWA J. Projekt celowy C-1/137/98, Politechnika Krakowska, unpublished report, 2000.
• 16.GOLLINGER M., KOWALSKI Z., MAZANEK C. Management system of chrome solid wastes realized in Poland. Energy, Environment and Technological Innovation, 4 th International Conference, Universita Di Roma „La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy, September 19-24, 1999.
• 17. KOWALSKI Z., KONOPKA M. Niektóre problemy związane z analizą mieszanki wsadowej do produkcji chromianu sodu. Czasopismo Techn. Polit. Krak. 4/Ch, 26, 2001.
• 18. WALAWSKA B., KOWALSKI Z. Ecological evaluation of the effects of using chromic waste in production of chromium compounds. J. Cleaner Prod. 9, 219, 2001.
• 19. KOWALSKI Z. Evaluation of options of production process modernisation on the example of the sodium chromate production process. Polish J. Chem. Techn. 3 (4), 20-28, 2001
• 20. FELA K. Praca doktorska. Politechnika Krakowska, 2001.
• 21. KOWALSKI Z. Chromic ore properties simplifying their processing. Prace Nauk. Inst. Górnictwa Polit. Wr., 95 (31), 53, 2001.
• 22. MENDEL J. Fuzzy logic systems for engineering. Proc. IEEE, 83 (3), 345, 1995.
• 23. BAŁAZIŃSKI M. Logika rozmyta, Biuletyn SIP, 1, 1, 1997.