Existing and future therapeutic options for hepatitis C virus infection

• Autorzy: Bretner M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFNalpha) alone or in combination with ribavirin; however, a significant fraction of patients either fail to respond or relapse after cessation of therapy. Efforts to identify and develop highly specific and potent HCV inhibitors have intensified recently. Each of the virally encoded replication enzymes has been a focus of studies as well as viral receptors and the host immune system. This review summarizes recent progress in the search for novel anti-HCV agents.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

human disease; interferon; hepatocellular carcinoma; nucleoside triphosphatase; cirrhosis; liver failure worldwide; hepatitis C virus; chronic hepatitis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Biochimica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 52
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.57-70,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bretner M.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, A.Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Ago H, Adachi T, Yoshida A, Yamamoto M, Habuka N, Yatsunami K, Miyano M. (1999) Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus. Struct Fold Des.; 7: 1417–26.
• Altamura A, Tomei L, Koch U, Neuner PJS, Summa V. (2000) Diketoacid-derivatives as Inhibitors of Polymerases. WO 00/06529.
• Benhamou Y, Hinrichsen H, Sentijens R, Reiser M, Manns MP, Forns X, Avendano C, Cronlein J, Nehmiz G, Steinmann G. (2002) Safety, tolerability and antiviral effect of BILN 2061, a novel HCV serine protease inhibitor, after oral treatment over 2 days in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, with advanced liver fibrosis. Hepatology.; 36: 304A.
• Borowski P, Deinert J, Schalinski S, Bretner M, Ginalski K, Kulikowski T, Shugar D. (2003) Halogenated benzimidazoles and benzotriazoles as inhibitors of the NTPase/helicase activities of hepatitis C and related viruses. Eur J Biochem.; 270: 1645–53.
• Bressanelli S, Tomei L, Rey FA, De Francesco R. (2002) Structural analysis of the hepatitits C virus RNA polymerase in complex with ribonucleotides. J Virol.; 76: 3482–92.
• Bretner M, Schalinski S, Haag A, Lang M, Schmitz H, Baier A, Behrens SE, Kulikowski T, Borowski P. (2004a) Synthesis and evaluation of ATP-binding site directed potential inhibitors of nucleoside triphosphatases/ helicases and polymerases of hepatitis C and other selected Flaviviridae viruses. Antivir Chem Chemother.; 15: 35–42.
• Bretner M, Najda A, Podwiñska R, Baier A, Paruch K, Lipniacki A, Piasek A, Borowski P, Kulikowski T. (2004b) Inhibitors of the NTPase/helicase of hepatitis C and related flaviviridae viruses. The fourth multidisciplinary conference on drug research, Gdañsk- Sobieszewo, Poland, May 17–19, K-14.
• Carroll SS, Tomassini JE, Bosserman M, Getty K, Stahlhut MW, Eldrup AB, Bhat B, Hall D, Simcoe AL, La Femina R, Rutkowski CA, Wolanski B, Yang Z, Migliaccio G, De Francesco R, Kuo LC, MacCoss M, Olsen DB. (2003) Inhibition of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by 2-modified nucleoside analogs. J Biol Chem.; 278: 11979–84.
• Cho H-S, Ha N-C, Kang L-W, Chung KM, Back SH, Jang SK, Oh B-H. (1998) Crystal structure of RNA helicase from genotype 1b hepatitis C virus. J Biol Chem.; 273: 15045–52.
• Colman RF. (1983) Affinity labeling of purine nucleotide sites in proteins. Annu Rev Biochem.; 52: 67–91.
• De Francesco R. (1999) Molecular virology of the hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol.; 31 (Suppl 1): 47–53.
• De Francesco R. (2000) Diketobutanoic acids as HCV polymerase inhibitors. 7th International Meeting on hepatitis and related viruses, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 3–7 December.
• De la Cruz J, Kressler D, Linder P. (1999) Unwinding RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DEAD-box proteins and related families. Trends Biochem Sci.; 24: 192–8.
• Dhanak D, Duffy KJ, Johnston VK, Lin-Goerke J, Darcy M, Shaw AN, Gu B, Silverman C, Gates AT, Nonnemacher MR, Earnshaw DL, Casper DJ, Kaura A, Baker A, Greenwood C, Gutshall LL, Maley D, Del Vecchio A, Macarron R, Hofmann GA, Alnoah Z, Cheng H-Y, Chan G, Khandekar S, Keenan RM, Sarisky RT. (2002) Identification and biological characterization of heterocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biol Chem.; 277: 38322–7.
• Diana GD, Bailey TR. (1997) Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment of hepatitis C. Patent US5633388.
• Eldrup AB, Allerson CR, Bennett CF, Bera S, Bhat B, Bhat N, Bosserman MR, Brooks J, Burlein C, Carroll SS, Cook PD. (2004) Structure-activity relationship of purine ribonucleosides for inhibition of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Med Chem.; 47: 2283–95.
• Failla C, Tomei L, De Francesco R. (1994) Both NS3 and NS4A are required for proteolytic processing of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins. J Virol.; 68: 3753–60.
• Gallinari P, Brennan D, Nardi C, Brunetti M, Tomei L, Steinkühler C, De Francesco R. (1998) Multiple enzymatic activities associated with recombinant NS3 of hepatitis C virus. J Virol.; 72: 6758–69.
• Glunz PW, Douty BD, Decicco CP. (2003) Design and synthesis of bicyclic pyrimidinone-based HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett.; 13: 785–8.
• Griffin SDC, Beales LP, Clarke DS, Worsfold O, Evans SD, Jaeger J, Harris MPG, Rowlands DJ. (2003) The p7 protein of hepatitis C virus forms an ion channel that is blocked by the antiviral drug, Amantadine. FEBS Lett.; 535: 34–38.
• Gu B, Johnston VK, Gutshall LL, Nguyen TT, Gontarek RR, Darcy MG, Tedesco R, Dhanak D, Duffy KJ, Kao CC, Sarisky RT. (2003) Arresting initiation of hepatitis C virus RNA synthesis using heterocyclic derivatives. J Biol Chem.; 278: 16602–7.
• Hijikata M, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Shimotohno K. (1991) Gene mapping of the putative structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome by in vitro processing analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.; 88: 5547–51.
• Huang M, Deshpande M. (2004) Hepatitis C drug discovery: in vitro and in vivo systems and drugs in the pipeline. Expert Rev Anti-infect Ther.; 2: 375–88.
• Janetka JW, Ledford BE, Mullican MD. (2000) Pentacyclic Compounds Useful as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase. Pp 1–60. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Kaneko T, Tanji Y, Satoh S, Hijikata M, Asabe S, Kimura K, Shimotohno K. (1994) Production of two phosphoproteins from the NS5A region of the hepatitis C viral genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.; 205: 320–6.
• Kim JL, Morgenstern KA, Griffith JP, Dwyer MD, Thomson JA, Murcko MA, Lin C, Caron PR. (1998) Hepatitis C virus NS3 RNA helicase domain with a bound oligonucleotide: the crystal structure provides insights into the mode of unwinding. Structure.; 6: 89–100.
• Lake-Bakaar G. (2003) Current and future therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord.; 3: 247–53.
• Lamarre D, Bailey M, Bolger G, Cameron DR, Cartier M, Faucher A-M, Goudreau N, Kukolj G, Lagace L, Pause A, Rancourt J, Thibeault D, Tsantrizos Y, Llinas-Brunet M. (2002) The discovery of BILN-2061 — an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the HCV serine protease and a promising antiviral for treatment of hepatitis C. Hepatology.; 36: 464A.
• Lanford RE, Bigger C. (2002) Advances in model systems for hepatitis C virus research. Virology.; 293: 1–9.
• Lamarre D, Anderson PC, Bailey M, Beaulieu P, Bolger G, Bonneau P, Boes M, Cameron DR, Cartier M, Cordingley MG, Faucher AM. (2003) An NS3 protease inhibitor with antiviral effects in humans infected with hepatitis C virus. Nature.; 426: 186–9.
• Lesburg CA, Cable MB, Ferrari E, Hong Z, Mannarino AF, Weber PC. (1999) Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from hepatitis C virus reveals a fully encircled active site. Nat Struct Biol.; 6: 937–43.
• Llinas-Brunet M, Bailey M, Fazal G, Ghiro E, Gorys V, Goulet S, Halmos T, Maurice R, Poirier M, Poupart MA, Rancourt J, Thibeault D, Wernic D, Lamarre D. (2000) Highly potent and selective peptide-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus serine protease: towards smaller inhibitors Bioorg Med Chem Lett.; 10: 2267–70.
• Lohmann V, Körner F, Herian U, Bartenschlager R. (1997) Biochemical properties of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identification of amino acid sequence motifs essential for enzymatic activity. J Virol.; 71: 8416–28.
• Lohmann V, Körner F, Koch JO, Herian U, Theilmann L, Bartenschlager R. (1999) Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in hepatoma cell line. Science.; 285: 110–13.
• Lohmann V, Körner F, Dobierzewska A, Bartenschlager R. (2001) Mutations in hepatitis C virus RNAs conferring cell culture adaptation. J Virol.; 75: 1437–49.
• Love RA, Parge HE, Wickersham JA, Hostomsky Z, Habuka N, Moomaw EW, Adachi T, Hostomska Z. (1996) The crystal structure of hepatitis C virus NS3 proteinase reveals a trypsin-like fold and a structural zinc binding site. Cell.; 87: 331–42.
• Lundin M, Monne M, Widell A, Von Heijne G, Persson MA. (2003) Topology of the membrane- associated hepatitis C virus protein NS4B. J Virol.; 77: 5428–38.
• Maag D, Castro C, Hong Z, Cameron CE. (2001) Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) as a mediator of the antiviral activity of ribavirin. J Biol Chem.; 276: 46094–8.
• McCoy MA, Senior MM, Gesell JJ, Ramanathan L, Wyss DF. (2001) Solution structure and dynamics of the single-chain hepatitis C virus NS3 protease NS4A cofactor complex. J Mol Biol.; 305: 1099–110.
• Mercer DF, Schiller DE, Elliott JF, Douglas DN, Hao C, Rinfret A, Addison WR, Fischer KP, Churchill TA, Lakey JR, Tyrrell DL, Kneteman NM. (2001) Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers. Nat Med.; 7: 927–33.
• Murray EM, Grobler JA, Markel EJ, Pagnoni MF, Paonessa G, Simon AJ, Flores OA. (2003) Persistent replication of hepatitis C virus replicons expressing the beta-lactamase reporter in subpopulations of highly permissive Huh7 cells. J Virol.; 77: 2928–35.
• Narjes F, Brunetti M, Colarusso S, Gerlach B, Koch U, Biasiol G, Fattori D, De Francesco R, Matassa VG, Steinkuhler C. (2000) Alphaketoacids are potent slow binding inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. Biochemistry.; 39: 1849–61.
• Narjes F, Koch U, Steinkuehler C. (2003) Recent developments in the discovery of hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitors — towards a new class of antiviral agents? Expert Opin Investig Drugs.; 12: 153–63.
• Neddermann P, Quintavalle M, Di Pietro Ch, Clementi A, Cerretani M, Altamura S, Bartholomew L, De Francesco R. (2004) Reduction of hepatitis C virus NS5A hyperphosphorylation by selective inhibition of cellular kinases activates viral RNA replication in cell culture. J Virol.; 78: 13306–14.
• Ni Z-J, Wagman AA. (2004) Progress and development of small molecule HCV antivirals. Curr Opin Drug Discovery Dev.; 7: 446–59.
• Nishikawa F, Kakiuchi N, Funaji K, Fukuda K, Sekiya S, Nishikawa S. (2003) Inhibition of HCV NS3 protease by RNA aptamers in cells. Nucleic Acids Res.; 31: 1935–43.
• Oh J-W, Ito T, Lai MC. (1999) A recombinant hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase capable of copying the full-length viral RNA. J Virol.; 73: 7694–702.
• Serebrov V, Pyle AM. (2004) Periodic cycles of RNA unwinding and pausing by hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Nature.; 430: 476–80.
• Shepherd J, Brodin H, Cave C, Waugh N, Price A, Gabbay J. (2004) Pegylated interferon alpha- 2a and -2b in combination with ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess.; 8: 1–140.
• Standring D. (2003) NM283 has potent antiviral activity against chronic hepatitis C virus genotype- 1 in the chimpanzee. HEP DART 2003; Frontiers in Drug Development for Viral Hepatitis, Kauai, Hawaii, HI USA, Abs. 28.
• Steinkuhler C, Biasiol G, Brunetti M, Urbani A, Koch U, Cortese R, Pessi A, De Francesco R. (1998) Product inhibition of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. Biochemistry.; 37: 8899–905.
• Stuyver LJ, Whitaker T, McBrayer TR, Hernandez-Santiago BI, Lostia S, Tharnish PM, Ramesh M, Chu CK, Jordan R, Shi J, Rachakonda S, Watanabe KA, Otto MJ, Schinazi RF. (2003) Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.; 47: 244–54.
• Takamizawa A, Mori C, Fuke I, Manabe S, Murakami S, Fujita J, Onishi E, Andoh T,
• Yoshida I, Okayama H. (1991) Structure and organisation of the hepatitis C virus genome isolated from human carriers. J Virol.; 65: 1105–113.
• Tan S-L, Katze MG. (2001) How hepatitis C virus counteracts the interferon response: The jury is still out on NS5A. Virology.; 284: 1–12.
• Tan S-L, Pause A, Shi Y, Sonenberg N. (2002) Hepatitis C therapeutics; current status and emerging strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov.; 1: 867–81.
• Tanaka T, Kato N, Cho M-J, Shimotohno K. (1995) A novel sequence found at the 3ter- minus of hepatitis C virus genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.; 215: 744–9.
• Tomei L, Failla C, Santolini E, De Francesco R, La Monica N. (1993) NS3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein. J Virol.; 67: 4017–26.
• Tomei L, Altamura S, Bartholomew L, Bisbocci M, Bailey C, Bosserman M, Cellucci A, Forte E, Incitti I, Orsatti L, Koch U, De Francesco R, Olsen DB, Carroll SS, Migliaccio G. (2004) Characterization of the inhibition of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by nonnucleosides. J Virol.; 78: 938–46.
• Wang YS, Youngster S, Grace M, Bausch J, Bordens R, Wyss DF. (2002) Structural and biological characterization of pegylated recombinant interferon -2b and its therapeutic implications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev.; 54: 547–70.
• Wang M, Ng KK, Cherney MM, Chan L, Yannopoulos CG, Bedard J, Morin N, Nguyen-Ba N, Alaoui-Ismaili MH, Bethell RC, James MN. (2003) Non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors bind to an allosteric site on HCV NS5B polymerase. Crystal structures and mechanism of inhibition. J Biol Chem.; 278: 9489–95.
• Zhang X, Schmitt AC, Decicco CP. (2002) Design and synthesis of 6-amino-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro- 3-indolizinecarboxylic acids as -sheet peptidomimetics. Tetrahedron Lett.; 43: 9663–6.
• Zhang X, Schmitt AC, Jiang W, Wasserman Z, Decicco CP. (2003) Design and synthesis of potent, non-peptide inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett.; 13: 1157–60.
• Zhang N, Chen HM, Koch V, Schmitz H, Liao CL, Bretner M, Bhadti VS, Fattom AI, Naso RB, Hosmane RS, Borowski P. (2003) Ring-expanded (“Fat”) nucleoside and nucleotide analogues exhibit potent in vitro activity against Flaviviridae NTPases/helicases, including those of the West Nile virus, hepatitis C virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. J Med Chem.; 46: 4149–64.
• Zhu H, Zhao H, Collins CD, Eckenrode SE, Run Q, McIndoe RA, Crawford JM, Nelson DR, She JX, Liu C. (2003) Gene expression associated with interferon alfa antiviral activity in an HCV replicon cell line. Hepatology.; 37: 1180–8.
• Yao N, Hesson T, Cable M, Hong Z, Kwong AD, Le HV, Weber PC. (1997) Structure of the hepatitis C virus RNA helicase domain. Nat Struct Biol.; 4: 463–7.