EN
The paper deals with negative effects of conventional plough tillage upon the soil. The conservation tillage was compared with conventional agrotechnical methods. On the basis of respective literature it was found that sowing into mulch (layer of organic residues or cover plants) reduced considerably the water and wind erosion. Simplified methods of tillage were found to have decreased the elution of macroelements from the top soil layers and increased C-organic content in the arable one. Cover plants or crop residues left in the field appeared to reduce the evaporation of water, thus increasing its content in the soil profile. As well, conservation tillage was found to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and to increase the soil fauna inhabiting the natural environment of cultivated fields.